Knowledge

How Does A Laboratory Manual Press Machine Assist In The Post-Treatment Of Battery Electrode Sheets? Expert Insights

Learn how laboratory manual press machines enhance battery performance by optimizing electrode density, conductivity, and mechanical stability.

Why Is An Argon-Filled Glovebox Necessary During Lithium Mixing? Ensure Stoichiometric Accuracy & Material Purity

Learn why an argon-filled glovebox is essential for mixing lithium and cathode precursors to prevent moisture degradation and surface impurities.

Why Is The Introduction Of A Specifically Designed Ejector Component Critical In The Cold Pressing Of Niti Powders?

Learn how a specialized ejector prevents micro-cracks and preserves density in NiTi green bodies by eliminating friction during demolding.

What Key Role Does A Laboratory Press Machine Play In The Niti Composite Forming Process? Expert Density Control Guide

Learn how laboratory press machines regulate porosity and density in NiTi composite forming, applying up to 1910 MPa for superior material results.

How Does Specialized Pressing Tooling With Grooves Improve Unidirectional Hybrid Tape Precision? Expert Solutions

Learn how grooved tooling acts as a physical constraint system to prevent lateral displacement and ensure consistent fiber volume fraction.

What Role Does A High-Precision Heated Lab Press Play In The Consolidation Of Hybrid Tapes? Achieve Structural Perfection

Learn how high-precision heated lab presses use exact thermal-mechanical control to eliminate voids and bond multi-material hybrid tapes.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Heated Lab Hydraulic Press In Wood Densification? Achieve Superior Material Strength

Learn how heated lab hydraulic presses use thermal energy and pressure to collapse wood cell structures for high-performance densified wood.

What Protections Does A High-Purity Inert Gas Glove Box Provide For Battery Assembly? Ensure <0.1 Ppm Material Integrity

Learn how high-purity glove boxes protect lithium batteries from moisture and oxygen, ensuring chemical stability and data accuracy in research.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Press Necessary For Lgc-5 Films? Ensure Safety And Performance In Battery Research

Learn how high-precision presses eliminate voids and density gradients in LGC-5 electrolyte films to prevent dendrite growth and battery failure.

Why Is A High-Temperature Furnace The Core Of Mof Vitrification? Master Ion Conductivity In Electrolyte Research

Learn how high-temperature furnaces drive MOF-based electrolyte vitrification by removing grain boundaries to enhance ion conductivity and performance.

What Is The Purpose Of Using -20°C Incubation For Buckwheat Samples? Preserve Sensitive Polyphenols And Prevent Oxidation

Learn why -20°C incubation is critical for buckwheat extraction to inhibit chemical degradation and protect sensitive polyphenolic compounds.

What Is The Function Of High-Precision Constant Temperature Heating Equipment In Buckwheat Polyphenol Extraction?

Learn how high-precision heating equipment optimizes alkaline hydrolysis to release bound polyphenols from buckwheat cell walls.

Why Is The Pressure Precision Of An Isostatic Press Critical For Ltcc Microchannels? Master Lamination Success

Learn why high-precision isostatic pressure is vital to prevent microchannel collapse and ensure airtight bonding in LTCC lamination.

What Are The Advantages Of Using Isostatic Pressing Equipment Over Traditional Dry Pressing For Ltcc? Maximize Quality

Learn how isostatic pressing ensures uniform density and shrinkage in LTCC laminates by eliminating wall friction and stress gradients.

How Do Isostatic Press Temperature Conditions Influence Ltcc Lamination? Optimize Your Ceramic Bonding Process

Learn how temperature modifies polymer rheology and yield points in LTCC green tapes for defect-free warm isostatic pressing (WIP).

How Do Sacrificial Volume Materials (Svm) Maintain Microchannels In Isostatic Pressing? Ensure Structural Integrity

Learn how sacrificial volume materials (SVM) like polyacrylate carbonate prevent microchannel collapse during warm isostatic pressing of ceramics.

Why Are Vacuum Bags Considered Essential Consumables In Ltcc Warm Isostatic Pressing? Ensuring Perfect Lamination

Learn why vacuum bags are vital for LTCC fabrication, preventing delamination and ensuring uniform pressure during warm isostatic pressing.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Warm Isostatic Press (Wip) For Ltcc Microchannels? Achieving Precision Lamination

Learn how warm isostatic pressing (WIP) bonds LTCC layers and preserves complex microchannel geometry using uniform heat and isostatic pressure.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Preferred Over Dynamic Compaction? Achieve Uniform Clay Specimens For Research

Learn why hydraulic presses outperform dynamic compaction in soil research by ensuring uniform density and eliminating structural defects.

What Is The Function Of Cylindrical Metal Molds And Dynamic Compaction In Clay Prep? Master Soil Testing Precision

Learn how cylindrical metal molds and dynamic compaction standardize clay specimens, ensuring precise density and moisture for geotechnical labs.

Why Must An Argon-Filled Glove Box Be Used When Handling Desodiated Na2/3Nio2 Samples? Protect Your Battery Research

Learn why argon-filled glove boxes are essential for handling desodiated Na2/3NiO2 to prevent degradation and ensure data integrity.

Why Is A Lab Press Used To Pelletize Mixed Powder Before The Calcination Of Nanio2? Maximize Phase Purity Today

Learn how lab presses enhance solid-state synthesis of NaNiO2 by increasing particle contact area and shortening diffusion paths for better results.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In The Preparation Of Srlaalo4 Phosphor Ceramic Pellets?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform SrLaAlO4 powder into dense green bodies by maximizing particle contact and reducing diffusion distance.

How Do Isostatic Or Heated Laboratory Presses Address Core Process Challenges In All-Solid-State Battery R&D?

Learn how laboratory presses solve solid-solid interface challenges in solid-state batteries through uniform densification and thermal deformation.

What Is The Role Of A High-Precision Laboratory Press In Battery Preparation? Enhance Electrode Performance

Learn how laboratory presses optimize compaction density, adhesion, and electrochemical efficiency in lithium-ion battery electrode fabrication.

What Are The Advantages Of Isostatic Pressing For Solid-State Batteries? Overcome Interface Contact Issues Efficiently

Learn how isostatic pressing eliminates voids and reduces impedance in solid-state batteries through uniform pressure for superior performance.

Why Is Specialized Glove Box Or Inert Gas Processing Equipment Required When Preparing Sulfide-Based Solid Electrolytes?

Learn why sulfide-based solid electrolytes require specialized glove boxes to prevent hydrolysis, H2S generation, and loss of ionic conductivity.

How Does A Laboratory Press Enhance The Performance Of Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Atomic-Level Interface Bonding

Learn how precise pressure and heat eliminate voids and reduce resistance to optimize ion transport in solid-state battery interface engineering.

What Is The Primary Function Of High-Intensity Heat Treatment Equipment In Llzo Preparation? Master Densification

Learn how high-intensity heat treatment over 1000°C enables densification and high ionic conductivity in oxide solid electrolytes like LLZO.

What Type Of Testing Is A High-Temperature Furnace Used For When Assessing The Weathering Degree Of Volcanic Ash? | Loi

Learn how high-temperature furnaces use Loss on Ignition (LOI) testing to quantify the chemical weathering of volcanic ash into clay minerals.

How Does A Laboratory Press Machine Ensure The Validity Of Remolded Volcanic Ash Specimens During Sample Preparation?

Learn how precise pressure control in laboratory presses ensures volcanic ash specimens accurately replicate in-situ density and saturation levels.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Necessary For High-Entropy Spinel Electrolytes? Optimize Synthesis

Learn how high-precision pressing ensures single-phase solid solution formation and optimal density in high-entropy spinel electrolyte research.

What Is The Function Of A Precision Laboratory Press For 316L Stainless Steel Powder? Achieve Nuclear-Grade Precision

Learn how precision presses create green compacts of 316L stainless steel by inducing plastic deformation and minimizing density gradients.

Why Is Industrial Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Required For Nuclear Components? Ensure Safety & Absolute Integrity

Learn how industrial HIP eliminates internal defects and ensures near-theoretical density for high-performance nuclear energy components.

Why Is It Necessary To Assemble Cc-Tio2 Sodium-Ion Half-Cells Inside A High-Purity Argon Glove Box? Ensure Data Accuracy

Learn why high-purity argon glove boxes are essential for sodium-ion half-cell assembly to protect sodium anodes and prevent electrolyte degradation.

What Is The Significance Of Using A Laboratory Press For Cc-Tio2 Electrodes? Optimize Battery Performance Today

Learn how laboratory presses enhance CC-TiO2 electrodes by increasing contact density, reducing resistance, and improving adhesion for batteries.

How Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Hap Composite Gels? Master Mineral Substrate Standardization

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses standardize HAP mineral substrates for protein-like composites by optimizing density and surface uniformity.

Why Must A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Feature Precise Loading Rate Control For Rcc Compressive Strength Tests?

Learn why precise loading rate control is critical for RCC testing to eliminate impact loads and ensure accurate ultimate load-bearing data.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Assist In The Assembly Of Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries (Sslobs)?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate interfacial impedance and ensure structural integrity in PILS-based solid-state batteries.

Why Is A Laboratory Cold Isostatic Press Required For B4C/Al-Mg-Si Composites? Ensure Defect-Free Green Compacts

Learn why cold isostatic pressing (CIP) is essential for B4C/Al-Mg-Si composites to eliminate density gradients and prevent sintering cracks.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used To Co-Press Graphite Disks? Ensure Optimal Interface For Na3Sbs4 Measurements

Learn how a hydraulic press creates the essential electrode-electrolyte interface for Sodium Tetrathioantimonate (Na3SbS4) and EIS data quality.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To Testing Na3Sbs4? Optimize Sodium Tetrathioantimonate Characterization

Learn how 660 MPa of pressure from a laboratory hydraulic press eliminates porosity and contact resistance in Na3SbS4 solid electrolyte samples.

Why Is An Argon-Filled Glovebox Utilized For Sodium Tetrathioantimonate (Na3Sbs4) Synthesis? Protect Your Material Purity

Learn why an argon glovebox is vital for Na3SbS4 synthesis to prevent hydrolysis and oxidation, ensuring material stoichiometry and performance.

Why Is A Glove Box With A Circulation Purification System Necessary For Handling Ball-Milled Aluminum Powder?

Learn why ball-milled aluminum powder requires a circulation purification glove box to prevent oxidation and ensure accurate compositional analysis.

What Roles Do High-Precision Graphite Dies Perform During The Sps Of Aluminum Powder? Optimize Heat And Pressure Transfer

Learn how graphite dies act as active thermal and mechanical elements in Spark Plasma Sintering to achieve 98%+ density in aluminum powder.

How Does Spark Plasma Sintering (Sps) Compare To Traditional Hot Pressing? Preserve Nanocrystalline Strength

Discover why SPS outperforms hot pressing for nanocrystalline aluminum by enabling rapid densification while preventing grain growth.

What Are The Primary Applications For A High-Performance Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Perovskite Research?

Learn how high-performance laboratory hydraulic presses standardize perovskite samples, ensuring data accuracy in conductivity and XRD analysis.

Why Is A Laboratory Coin Cell Crimper Essential? Achieve Precise Pressure For Reliable Electrochemical Data

Learn why laboratory coin cell crimpers are vital for reducing interface impedance, ensuring uniform wetting, and achieving reproducible test data.

Why Is An Inert Gas Glove Box Necessary For Peo/Pan Electrospun Membranes? Ensure Chemical Stability & Success

Learn why <0.1 ppm moisture/oxygen is critical for PEO/PAN solutions to prevent salt hydrolysis and polymer degradation in battery research.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential? Secrets To Perfect Material Sample Preparation

Learn how high-precision laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate density gradients and prevent cracking during sintering for better sample quality.

Why Must Li/Lsth/Li Battery Assembly Be In An Argon Glovebox? Protect Lithium Integrity And Ensure Accurate Data

Learn why argon-filled gloveboxes are essential for Li/LSTH/Li symmetric battery assembly to prevent lithium oxidation and ensure data validity.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Cold Isostatic Press To Apply 200 Mpa Of Pressure? Achieve Peak Electrolyte Density

Learn how 200 MPa cold isostatic pressing (CIP) eliminates voids and prevents cracks in Li6/16Sr7/16Ta3/4Hf1/4O3 electrolyte green bodies.

What Are The Primary Applications Of A Laboratory Press In Flexible Solid-State Battery R&D? Optimize Your Prototypes

Learn how laboratory presses optimize solid-state battery performance by eliminating interfacial gaps and enhancing ion transport efficiency.

How Does Mechanical Compaction Or Vibration Affect The Hydraulic Conductivity Of Experimental Tailings Columns? - Kintek

Learn how compaction and vibration eliminate voids and preferential flow to ensure accurate hydraulic conductivity data in tailings research.

What Role Does A Laboratory Press Machine Play In Lprgb Preparation? Engineering High-Density Geochemical Barriers

Learn how laboratory presses enable the fabrication of LPRGBs by achieving precision compaction and reducing porosity for contaminant containment.

What Conditions Does A Vacuum Sintering Furnace Provide For Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O? Achieve High Purity & Low Modulus Alloys

Learn how 1573 K and 10⁻³ Pa vacuum levels optimize Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloys by preventing oxidation and stabilizing the BCC crystal structure.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Utilized For Forming Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O Alloy Powders? Ensure Superior Metal Integrity

Learn why Cold Isostatic Pressing is essential for Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloys to eliminate density gradients and minimize porosity for cold working.

What Role Does A Rotary Ball Mill Play In Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O Alloy Prep? Achieve Atomic-Level Uniformity

Learn how rotary ball mills ensure chemical homogeneity and single-phase beta-titanium structures in complex Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloys.

What Are The Pressure Control Requirements For Using A High-Precision Laboratory Press Machine To Fabricate Coin Cell Electrode Sheets? Master Precision For Superior Battery Data

Learn the critical pressure requirements for coin cell electrodes: achieve optimal density, reduce resistance, and ensure material adhesion.

What Conditions Are Provided By An Industrial Heating Furnace For Sulfur Loading? 155°C & Inert Argon Environment

Learn how industrial furnaces provide the 155°C thermal control and argon atmosphere needed for sulfur loading via physical melt-diffusion.

What Is The Significance Of A Laboratory Specimen Molding Press? Enhance Iron Tailings Marshall Testing Accuracy

Learn how laboratory specimen molding presses ensure precision in iron tailings Marshall specimens for superior pavement performance evaluations.

Why Is A Vacuum Glove Box Necessary For Iwswn-Spe? Ensure High-Voltage Lithium Metal Battery Stability

Learn why vacuum glove boxes are critical for lithium battery prep: preventing oxidation, hydrolysis, and maintaining ionic conductivity.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Press Machine Required For Iwswn-Spe-Based Lithium Metal Pouch Cells?

Learn why precise mechanical compression is essential for IWSWN-SPE lithium metal pouch cells to optimize interfaces and ensure cycling stability.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press Necessary For Gd2O3? Unlock Superior Density And Structural Integrity

Learn why Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) is vital for Gd2O3, ensuring uniform density and preventing cracking during sintering.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Die Press In Shaping Gd2O3 Ceramics? Optimize Green Body Consolidation

Learn how laboratory die presses transform Gd2O3 powder into green bodies by applying precise pressure for structural stability and density.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Essential Sample Preparation For Chemical Research

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform powders into dense pellets for FTIR, XRF, and electrochemical testing with high precision.

Why Must Azo-Ptp Lithium-Ion Batteries Be Assembled In An Argon Glovebox? Ensure Stable Battery Performance

Learn why Azo-PTP lithium-ion battery assembly requires an argon-filled glovebox to prevent oxidation and moisture-driven degradation.

What Are The Advantages Of Peek Molds In Battery Assembly? Enhance Data Accuracy And Material Densification

Discover how PEEK molds combined with laboratory presses provide electrical insulation and mechanical strength for high-pressure battery testing.

Why Does Pressing Composite Cathode Layers Require Higher Pressure? Achieve High-Density Solid-State Battery Cathodes

Learn why composite cathodes need pressures exceeding 350 MPa to ensure ion/electron transport and how to optimize your laboratory press settings.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Forming Electrolyte Layers? Optimize All-Solid-State Batteries

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses use high pressure to densify electrolytes, eliminate pores, and ensure low-impedance pathways for batteries.

How Does A High-Precision Servo Electronic Press Contribute To Cee? Enhance Material Strength Via Precise Control

Learn how high-precision servo presses enable cyclic expansion extrusion (CEE) through load control, constant speed, and severe plastic deformation.

What Are The Advantages Of Using A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip)? Achieve Homogeneous Ti-Mg Composites

Learn why Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) outperforms uniaxial pressing for Ti-Mg composites by eliminating density gradients and internal stress.

What Role Does A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Battery Research? Optimize Solid-State Cell Performance

Learn how precision hydraulic presses solve the solid-solid contact problem, reduce resistance, and boost density in solid-state battery research.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Lab Press In Mea Construction? Optimize Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis Performance

Learn how laboratory hot presses fuse MEA layers to reduce resistance and optimize ion pathways for efficient hydrogen peroxide synthesis.

What Is The Significance Of Precision Displacement Resolution In Tim Extrusion? Master Bond Line Thickness Control

Learn how precision displacement resolution prevents exponential pressure spikes and protects battery cells during TIM extrusion research.

Why Are Specialized Positioning Devices And Molding Inserts Essential For Tim Coating? Achieve Scientific Consistency

Learn how specialized positioning devices and molding inserts eliminate variability in TIM coating for precise, repeatable material research.

How Do Integrated Heating Elements And Thermocouples Affect Tim Processing? Optimize Viscosity And Squeeze Stress

Learn how integrated thermal controls reduce dynamic viscosity and squeeze stress in TIM processing for accurate battery environment simulations.

What Role Does A Material Testing Machine Play In Battery Assembly? Master Precision Squeeze Flow Simulation

Learn how precision presses simulate TIM squeeze flow to optimize battery module assembly, prevent deformation, and balance speed with safety.

Why Is Hip Equipment Critical In Metal Additive Manufacturing? Ensure 100% Material Density And Fatigue Resistance.

Learn why Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) is essential for metal AM to eliminate internal voids, improve density, and enhance fatigue life.

Why Is Controlled Pressure Essential For Zirconia Green Bodies? Master The Foundation Of High-Performance Ceramics

Learn how laboratory press machines establish green density and structural strength in zirconia molding to ensure crack-free, sintered results.

What Is The Primary Role Of Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) In Zirconia Cad/Cam? Achieve Flawless Material Uniformity

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) ensures absolute density uniformity and predictable shrinkage in zirconia CAD/CAM ceramic block production.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Ensure The Accuracy Of Xrf Analysis For Manganese Ore? High-Precision Sample Prep

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate scattering and voids to ensure precise XRF analysis of manganese ore through pelletization.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Mineral Conductivity? Maximize Lithium-Ion Transport Accuracy

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity and reduce grain boundary resistance for accurate lithium-ion transport measurements.

What Are The Applications Of A High-Precision Lab Press In Tps Development For Reusable Spacecraft?

Learn how high-precision lab presses ensure density uniformity and prevent micro-cracking in spacecraft Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials.

Why Is 25 Mpa Required For Artificial Stone Molding? Optimize Your Laboratory Hydraulic Press Performance

Learn why 25 MPa is the critical pressure for molding non-cement artificial stone to achieve maximum density and superior surface finishes.

Why Are Y-Tzp Zirconia Implants Typically Treated With A Hot Isostatic Press (Hip)? Maximize Implant Strength

Learn how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) eliminates micropores in Y-TZP zirconia to achieve near 100% density and superior fatigue strength.

What Role Does A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Play In Y-Tzp Implant Preparation? Achieve Defect-Free Medical Ceramics

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing ensures uniform density and structural integrity in Y-TZP dental and medical implants for superior reliability.

Why Use A Uniaxial Press And Cip For Ceramic Coatings? Optimize Your Lab's Material Densification Strategy

Learn why combining uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing is essential for creating high-density ceramic thermal barrier coatings without defects.

Why Is A Laboratory Precision Hot Press Essential For Flame-Retardant Pp Molding? Ensure Test Validity & Accuracy

Learn how precision hot presses eliminate micro-bubbles and control thermal history for standardized flame-retardant PP test specimens.

What Is The Necessity Of Using Silver Foil Wrapping And Hot Pressing For Ibs Joints? Achieve High-Performance Bonding

Discover why silver foil and hot pressing are essential for Iron-based Superconductor (IBS) joints to ensure conductivity and grain connectivity.

What Advantages Does Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Offer For Iron-Based Superconductors? Achieve 100% Structural Integrity

Learn how HIP equipment eliminates micro-pores and cracks in IBS wires to achieve near-theoretical density and superior current transmission.

Why Is Uniaxial Pressing Necessary For Ibs Wires? Optimize Superconductor Densification And Grain Alignment

Learn how laboratory presses enhance Iron-based Superconductor (IBS) wires through densification, grain connectivity, and texturing for high Jc.

Why Are Teflon Sheets Used When Pressing Polyfuran Dicarboxylate Films? Achieve Flawless Lab Film Production

Learn why Teflon sheets are essential for pressing polyfuran dicarboxylate films, preventing adhesion and ensuring high-quality surface integrity.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Preparing Bio-Based Films? Achieve Precision Film Compression

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform bio-polymers into uniform films by regulating temperature, pressure, and microstructure.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Ti-2.5Al-Xmn Alloy Powders? Master 600 Mpa Cold Pressing

Learn why 600 MPa of uniaxial pressure is essential for Ti-2.5Al-xMn alloy densification, mechanical interlocking, and high-quality sintering.

Why Strict Particle Size Limits For Ti-2.5Al-Xmn Alloy? Optimize Your Sintering Process Now

Learn why aluminum and manganese powder sizes are strictly limited to ensure rapid diffusion and homogeneity in titanium alloy fabrication.

What Are The Functional Requirements For The Specialized Adapters Used To Connect Pressure Vessels To External Load Frames?

Learn the essential requirements for pressure vessel adapters, focusing on high-strength alloy construction, rigidity, and precise beam alignment.

What Is The Purpose Of Using Resistance Strain Gauges On Pressure Vessels? Ensure Structural Safety & Compliance

Learn how resistance strain gauges monitor structural integrity, yield pressure, and autofrettage processes during safety verification tests.

Why Is D2 Tool Steel Chosen For Internal Force Gauges? Achieve Peak Precision With High-Hardness Elastic Pillars

Learn how vacuum-quenched D2 tool steel ensures high yield strength and linear elastic response for accurate LVDT force measurements.

How Do Hydraulic Load Frames Facilitate Axial Loading? Precision In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Solutions

Learn how hydraulic load frames use high-strength adapters and precision control to enable axial loading during in-situ neutron diffraction.