Why Must The Grinding Of Li3Incl6 Hydrated Precursor Powder Be Conducted Within An Inert Atmosphere Glove Box? Ensure Purity

Learn why inert atmosphere grinding is critical for Li3InCl6 precursors to prevent oxidation and ensure high ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes.

Why Is A High-Temperature Sintering Furnace Required For Sialon Ceramics? Master Precision Thermal Processing

Learn why producing Dy-SiAlON ceramics requires 1850°C and precise 10°C/min heating rates for optimal densification and grain growth.

What Are The Advantages Of Libs & Hydraulic Press In Coal Testing? Achieve Real-Time, Multi-Parameter Analysis

Discover how LIBS combined with hydraulic pressing revolutionizes coal testing by reducing analysis time and enabling multi-parameter detection.

What Necessary Conditions Does A High-Purity Argon Glovebox Provide For Zn-Ibpe? Essential Labs Tips For Electrolytes

Learn how high-purity argon gloveboxes (<0.1 ppm H2O/O2) prevent monomer degradation and initiator failure in Zn-IBPE electrolyte synthesis.

What Is The Function Of The Ptfe Binder In Dry Electrode Manufacturing? Master The Secret Of Fiber Networking

Learn how PTFE fibrillation creates a solvent-free mechanical scaffold for battery electrodes through shear-induced fiber networking.

What Role Does A Glove Box Play In Mixing Niti Powders? Prevent Oxidation And Ensure Alloy Purity

Learn why a glove box is essential for mixing NiTi and NiTiCu powders, preventing titanium oxidation to ensure successful sintering and alloy quality.

What Is The Role Of High-Power Ultrasonic Processors In Hnt Surface Treatment? Achieve Uniform Nanotube Modification

Learn how high-power ultrasonic processors use acoustic cavitation to de-agglomerate Halloysite Nanotubes for uniform chemical modification.

Why Use High-Precision Compactors For Porous Asphalt Mixture? Achieve Perfect Void Ratios And Structural Integrity

Learn why high-precision Marshall and gyratory compactors are vital for PAM specimens to ensure 25-35% void ratios and effective grouting.

How Does An Indirect Tensile Strength (Its) Testing Device Assist In Analyzing Sfp Cracking Risk? Master Pavement Durability

Learn how Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) testing simulates traffic stress to analyze brittleness and cracking risk in Semi-Flexible Pavement.

How Does High-Spec Ashless Filter Paper Affect Silica Purity? Ensure Ultra-Clean Precursors For High-Quality Results.

Learn how high-specification ashless filter paper prevents secondary contamination and ensures maximum purity during silica extraction.

Why Is Precise Control Of The High-Temperature Sintering Process Required? Master Na2Mx2O7 Cathode Production

Unlock the role of precise thermal management in synthesizing Na2MX2O7. Learn how heat control ensures crystal purity and battery performance.

What Is The Process Of Compression Molding And What Are Its Main Advantages? Master Large-Scale, Low-Cost Manufacturing

Learn the mechanics of compression molding, from thermal management to cost-saving benefits for large fiberglass and metal components.

What Is The Hygroscopic Property Of Kbr And How Should It Be Managed? Ensure Clear Ftir Spectra Every Time

Learn how to manage KBr hygroscopy in FTIR pellet prep. Discover protocols for moisture control, glovebox use, and grinding tips for better data.

What Kind Of Environmental Conditions Does A Glove Box Provide For Pcl-Ppc-Pcl? Ensure Purity For Battery Assembly

Learn why a high-purity argon environment with <0.1 ppm water and oxygen is vital for PCL-PPC-PCL electrolyte preparation and battery assembly.

Why Must The Assembly Of All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries Be Conducted Within An Argon-Circulating Glove Box?

Learn why <0.1 ppm argon environments are critical for solid-state battery assembly to prevent lithium oxidation and electrolyte degradation.

Why Is Uniaxial Pressing Typically Performed As An Initial Step For Bam Hexagonal Ferrites? Essential Prep Explained

Learn why uniaxial pressing is the critical first step in Cr-Ga substituted BaM hexagonal ferrite molding to create stable green body pellets.

What Are The Processing Advantages Of An Integrated Vacuum Pressure Chamber In Sps Systems? Boost Your Material Performance

Learn how the SPS vacuum pressure chamber enables thermal-mechanical coupling, inhibits grain growth, and prevents oxidation for superior sintering.

Why Is Tem Essential For Sicn Ceramics? Visualize 5-50Nm Mesoscopic Structures And Verify Pyrolysis Stability.

Learn why Transmission Electron Microscopy is critical for SiCN ceramic analysis, resolving 5-50nm morphologies and verifying structural integrity.

What Is The Importance Of A High-Precision Electronic Balance In Biodiesel Experiments Using Rsm? Ensure Data Integrity

Learn why high-precision balances are critical for biodiesel optimization and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) accuracy and model validity.

What Is The Practical Significance Of Using Numerical Simulation To Analyze Die Compaction? Protect Your Tooling Assets

Learn how numerical simulation predicts stress distribution and prevents punch collisions to extend the life of your die compaction equipment.

Why Is An Inert Atmosphere Glove Box Essential For Testing 3D Printed Electrolytes Containing Lithium Metal Anodes?

Learn why inert atmosphere glove boxes are critical for lithium metal anode testing and how to prevent electrolyte hydrolysis and oxidation.

Why Is A High-Purity Inert Gas Glove Box Required For Organometallic Precursors? Ensure Chemical Stability & Purity

Learn why aluminum alkoxides require a high-purity inert gas glove box to prevent uncontrolled hydrolysis and ensure structural uniformity.

What Role Does An Inert Atmosphere Glovebox Play In The Synthesis Of Air-Sensitive Uranium(V) Alkoxides?

Learn how inert atmosphere gloveboxes protect uranium(V) alkoxides from hydrolysis and oxidation by maintaining moisture and oxygen levels < 0.1 ppm.

Why Must The Assembly Of All-Solid-State Batteries Be Conducted Inside An Argon-Filled Glove Box? Ensure Peak Safety

Learn why argon-filled glove boxes are essential for solid-state battery assembly to prevent material degradation and ensure research accuracy.

Why Is A Glove Box With A Circulation Purification System Necessary For Handling Ball-Milled Aluminum Powder?

Learn why ball-milled aluminum powder requires a circulation purification glove box to prevent oxidation and ensure accurate compositional analysis.

What Impact Does Solvent-Free Synthesis Have On Equipment? Streamline Production Of Energy Materials

Learn how solvent-free synthesis reduces CapEx by replacing complex chemical reactors with efficient, scalable mechanical processing equipment.

Why Must Solid-State Batteries Be Assembled In A Glove Box? Protect Reactive Anodes & Ensure Data Integrity

Learn why a high-performance inert gas glove box is critical for solid-state battery assembly to prevent material degradation and toxic gas release.

How Does A Benchtop Spectrophotometer Provide Data Support For The Visual Assessment Of Pbst Film Materials?

Learn how benchtop spectrophotometers quantify light transmittance and haze to provide objective data for PBST film transparency and quality.

How Does Tool Edge Radius Affect Cutting Force In Green Body Machining? Optimize Geometry For Stable Material Removal

Learn how adjusting tool edge radius reduces cutting forces and prevents damage in powder metallurgy green body machining.

Why Must Cspbi3 Thin Films Be Stored In Dry Nitrogen? Prevent Phase Degradation And Ensure Accurate Research Results

Learn why CsPbI3 thin films require dry nitrogen storage to prevent the transition from the active γ-phase to the non-photoactive yellow δ-phase.

Why Is A High-Purity Argon Glovebox Required For Lih And Lipf6? Protect Your Lithium Battery Eei Components

Learn why sub-ppm oxygen and moisture control in argon gloveboxes is essential for preserving the integrity of LiH, LiPF6, and sulfide electrolytes.

What Are The Benefits Of Fused Silica Discs In Battery Stress Testing? Achieve Zero-Noise Data Accuracy

Learn why fused silica discs outperform polymers as insulating spacers by eliminating parasitic stress signals and ensuring thermal stability.

What Role Does A High-Power Ultrasonic Processor Play In Sno2/Tio2 Synthesis? Achieve Homogeneous Anode Materials

Learn how high-power ultrasonic processors use acoustic cavitation to disperse SnO2 nanoparticles for uniform SnO2/TiO2 composite anode synthesis.

Why Is The Introduction Of A Specifically Designed Ejector Component Critical In The Cold Pressing Of Niti Powders?

Learn how a specialized ejector prevents micro-cracks and preserves density in NiTi green bodies by eliminating friction during demolding.

What Is The Significance Of Using An Argon-Filled Glove Box For The Assembly Of Coin Cells? Ensure Battery Data Integrity

Learn why argon-filled glove boxes are essential for NCM811 coin cell assembly to prevent lithium oxidation and electrolyte hydrolysis.

What Is The Function Of A High-Purity Argon Glove Box? Ensure Purity For Ba122 Superconductor Precursor Preparation

Learn how high-purity argon glove boxes protect reactive barium and potassium from oxidation during Ba122 superconductor precursor synthesis.

What Role Does Fe-Sem Play In Tio2 Film Pressing? Optimize Your Lab Process With High-Resolution Imaging

Learn how FE-SEM visualizes TiO2 film compression and particle density to calibrate hydraulic pressure and annealing parameters effectively.

What Is The Function Of A Controlled Atmosphere Glove Box? Achieve 10^-6 Atm Precision For Nuclear Waste Sensor Testing

Learn how controlled atmosphere glove boxes simulate deep geological environments to test pH sensor stability and prevent sulfide oxidation.

Why Is A Vacuum Glove Box Necessary For The Preparation Of Al-4Cu-Xal2O3 Composite Powders? Prevent Oxidation & Weak Bonds

Learn why vacuum glove boxes are essential for Al-4Cu-xAl2O3 composite powders to prevent oxidation, ensure clean bonding, and boost material strength.

Why Must Nfpp-B Coin Cells Be Assembled In An Argon Glove Box? Ensure Peak Sodium-Ion Battery Performance

Learn why <1ppm moisture and oxygen environments are critical for NFPP-B assembly to prevent sodium oxidation and electrolyte hydrolysis.

What Is The Primary Technical Objective Of Utilizing A Covalent Interlocking Binder (Ib)? Stabilize Battery Life

Learn how covalent Interlocking Binders (IB) stabilize silicon-anode batteries through in-situ cross-linking for superior cycle performance.

Why Does Ni–20Cr Cold Spray Hardness Decrease After Hip? Unlock Full Material Potential

Learn why Hot Isostatic Pressing reduces Ni–20Cr hardness through thermal recovery while significantly improving structural density and ductility.

Why Must The Assembly Of Sodium-Ion Batteries Be Conducted Within A Glove Box? Ensure Safety & Material Integrity

Learn why ultra-low moisture and oxygen levels are critical for sodium-ion battery assembly to prevent material degradation and ensure data accuracy.

What Are The Advantages Of Carbon-Coated Aluminum Foil? Boost Li-S Battery Conductivity & Adhesion

Learn how carbon-coated aluminum foil reduces resistance, prevents material shedding, and enhances cycling stability in lithium-sulfur batteries.

What Role Do Peltier Cooling Elements Play In Thermoplastic Forming (Tpf)? Ensure Metallic Glass Integrity

Learn how Peltier elements regulate cooling at 10 K/s to prevent crystallization and preserve the amorphous structure of metallic glass in TPF.

How Does A Pressure Cell Contribute To Measurement Accuracy Of Eis For Solid-State Electrolytes? Optimize Your Data

Learn how pressure cells minimize contact impedance and stabilize interfaces to ensure accurate ionic conductivity measurements in EIS research.

Why Must Span Half-Cells Be Assembled In An Argon Glove Box? Ensure Precise Battery Material Performance

Learn why high-purity argon environments are essential for SPAN half-cell assembly to protect lithium anodes and prevent electrolyte hydrolysis.

What Functions Does A High-Purity Argon Glovebox Provide For Asssmbs? Ensure Integrity In Sodium Battery Assembly

Learn how high-purity argon gloveboxes protect sodium anodes and solid electrolytes from moisture and oxygen during ASSSMB assembly.

How Does The Mechanical Pressure Provided By A Hydraulic Press Influence Squeeze Casting? Unlock Superior Part Density

Learn how hydraulic pressure eliminates porosity, refines grain structure, and ensures near-net-shape precision in squeeze casting components.

How Does A Pid Controller Benefit Laboratory Hydraulic Presses For Composite Molding? Unlock Precision Synthesis

Learn how PID controllers enhance hydraulic presses by ensuring temperature stability, repeatability, and optimal composite material properties.

Why Must The Assembly Of Lithium Or Sodium Batteries Be Performed Within A High-Performance Laboratory Glove Box?

Discover why high-purity glove boxes are essential for lithium/sodium battery assembly to prevent oxidation and ensure data integrity.

Why Is A Dry Nitrogen Glove Box Required For (1-X)Bnt-Xbzt Thin Film Precursors? Achieve Precise Chemical Control

Learn why a dry nitrogen environment is essential to prevent metal alkoxide hydrolysis and ensure stoichiometry in BNT-xBZT thin film preparation.

What Critical Function Do High-Strength Battery Casings Or Mechanical Fixtures Perform? Ensuring Precise Measurements

Learn how high-strength fixtures convert battery expansion into quantifiable pressure data for accurate micrometer-level characterization.

Why Is A High-Purity Argon Glove Box Necessary For Sulfide Electrolytes? Protect Your Precursors From Degradation

Learn why maintaining <0.1 ppm moisture and oxygen in an argon glove box is critical for weighing bromine-based sulfide electrolyte precursors.

Why Must Halide Solid Electrolytes Be Prepared In An Argon Glove Box? Ensure Peak Ion Conductivity

Learn why high-purity argon environments are essential for halide electrolytes to prevent hydrolysis and maintain critical ion conduction pathways.

What Is The Function Of A Displacement Gage In Hydrothermal Hot Pressing? Mastering Hydroxyapatite Production Efficiency

Learn how displacement gages monitor real-time shrinkage, reaction zones, and densification for superior Hydroxyapatite ceramic quality.

Why Is It Important To Input Accurate Elastic-Plastic Deformation Parameters? Optimize Solid-State Battery Simulations

Discover why accurate mechanical parameters are essential for simulating stress, managing volume fluctuations, and optimizing battery energy density.

Why Use An Argon Glove Box For Ti3Alc2 Mixed Powders? Protect High-Surface-Area Metals From Rapid Oxidation

Learn why a high-purity argon glove box is essential for Ti3AlC2 synthesis to prevent oxidation of refined titanium and aluminum powders.

Why Is An Inert Gas Glovebox Essential For The Characterization Of Cage? Ensure High-Purity Ionic Liquid Analysis

Learn why CAGE characterization requires an inert gas glovebox to prevent moisture contamination and ensure accurate DSC and EPR results.

What Role Does A High-Purity Argon Glove Box Play In Solid-State Battery Assembly? Ensure < 0.1 Ppm Purity.

Learn how argon glove boxes protect lithium anodes and solid electrolytes from oxidation and moisture to ensure battery performance.

How Does A Precision Blade Coater Ensure The Quality Of Thick Ncm-811 Composite Cathodes? Optimize Battery Capacity

Learn how precision blade coating enables high mass loading and uniform slurry deposition for high-performance NCM-811 cathode production.

Why Must The Assembly Of Sodium-Ion Button Cells Be Conducted In An Argon-Filled Glove Box? Expert Lab Insights

Learn why ultra-low oxygen and moisture levels (<0.01 ppm) are critical for sodium-ion battery assembly to ensure safety and data integrity.

What Is The Function Of Organic Binders In The Pelletizing Process Of Manganese Ore Powder? Enhancing Pellet Strength

Learn how organic binders like acrylic acid copolymers improve mechanical strength and prevent pulverization in manganese ore pelletizing.

What Is The Function Of The Grinding Process In The Preparation Of N-Doped Tio2 Paste? Master Thin-Film Homogeneity

Learn how the grinding process ensures molecular-level nitrogen dispersion and breaks down agglomerates for high-quality N-doped TiO2 thin films.

Why Mix Ti3Alc2 And Copper Halide In A Nitrogen Glove Box? Ensure Precursor Purity And Prevent Oxidation

Learn why a nitrogen-filled glove box is essential for mixing Ti3AlC2 and copper halide powders to prevent oxidation and moisture contamination.

Why Is The Surface Quality Of Metal Powders A Critical Factor For Esf? Achieve Peak Electrical Sintering Performance

Learn how surface oxides and contact resistance impact Electro-Sinter-Forging (ESF) efficiency and why powder quality is vital for densification.

Why Must Direct Ink Writing (Diw) Be Conducted In An Argon-Filled Glovebox? Preserve Electrode Material Integrity

Learn why DIW for energy storage requires an argon-filled glovebox to prevent oxidation, hydrolysis, and preserve electrochemical activity.

How Do Wet Grinding And Freeze-Drying Aid Nanocellulose/Chitin Composites? Optimize Your Adsorption Material Preparation

Learn how wet grinding and freeze-drying optimize chitin composites by maximizing surface area and preventing structural collapse for adsorption.

Why Is A Laboratory Glove Box Used During The Synthesis Of Polymer Sols? Ensure Precision In Silica Membrane Production

Learn why a glove box is vital for silica membrane synthesis to prevent unintended hydrolysis and control microporous network structure.

Why Are High-Specification Glovebox Or Schlenk Line Systems Necessary For Tetrathiotungstate Coordination Synthesis?

Learn why strict inert atmospheres are essential for europium recovery, protecting redox-active ligands from oxygen and moisture degradation.

What Is The Role Of Crushing And Grinding Equipment In The Hdh Process? Master Titanium Powder Size Control

Learn how crushing and grinding equipment exploits titanium hydride brittleness to achieve precise powder sizes in the HDH process.

Why Is An Industrial-Grade High Vacuum Pump Used For The Pretreatment Of Pe In Gas-Reinforcement Experiments?

Learn why industrial-grade vacuum pumps are essential for PE pretreatment, ensuring pure kinetic conditions and repeatable CO2-amine reactions.

What Unique Advantages Does A Spark Plasma Sintering (Sps) Furnace Offer For Al2O3–Cbn Composite Preparation?

Discover how SPS prevents cBN degradation and inhibits grain growth in Al2O3–cBN composites through rapid densification and pulsed current heating.

What Is The Necessity Of Using High-Performance Inert Gas Glove Boxes For Opv? Ensure Research Integrity And Performance

Learn why inert gas glove boxes are essential for laminated OPV R&D to prevent oxidative degradation and ensure device stability and performance.

Why Is An Environmental Control System Necessary For Li2Zrcl6? Ensure Peak Conductivity In Solid-State Battery Research

Learn why Li2ZrCl6 solid electrolytes require glove box handling to prevent moisture degradation and maintain high lithium-ion conductivity.

What Role Does The Screw Play In A Screw Extruder? Mastering Power Transmission & Biomass Formation

Learn how the screw acts as the heart of a screw extruder, providing essential transport and the high-pressure force needed for biomass formation.

What Role Does A Planetary Ball Mill Play In The Initial Preparation Of Zrb2-Hfb2 Composite Materials?

Learn how planetary ball mills enhance ZrB2-HfB2 composite production through particle size reduction and increased surface energy for better mixing.

How Does A Three-Dimensional Powder Mixer Improve Aluminum Powder Preparation? Achieve Unmatched Material Integrity

Learn how 3D powder mixers outperform conventional stirring by ensuring uniform distribution and preventing pore aggregation in aluminum mixtures.

Why Are Multiple Cycles Of Calcination And Pulverization Necessary? Optimize Bi-2223 Powder For Superconductivity

Learn why repeating calcination and pulverization is essential for Bi-2223 superconducting material homogeneity and phase purity.

Why Is Intensive Grinding Required For Electrode Slurries? Achieve Superior Capacitor Performance And Homogeneity

Learn why intensive grinding is vital for breaking particle agglomerates and creating conductive networks in electric double-layer capacitors.

How Does Battery Sealing Equipment Ensure Pouch Cell Safety? Key Insights For Battery Research

Learn how precision sealing equipment prevents electrolyte leakage and environmental ingress to ensure pouch cell safety and performance.

Why Is It Necessary To Insert A Thermocouple Into The Billet For Ecap Experiments? Ensure Precise Thermal Control

Learn why internal thermocouple monitoring is vital in ECAP to ensure precise grain refinement, uniform microstructure, and valid research data.

What Role Do High-Precision Laboratory Balances Play In Preparing Cement Samples? Ensuring Exact Admixture Ratios

Learn how high-precision balances ensure exact mass ratios in cement-sugarcane juice modification, critical for accurate chemical reaction kinetics.

What Is The Role Of A High-Power Ultrasonic Transducer In The Cemented Carbide Powder Forming Process?

Learn how high-power ultrasonic transducers improve powder fluidity, eliminate bridging, and enhance density in cemented carbide forming.

What Core Environmental Conditions Does A High-Purity Argon Glove Box Provide For The Assembly Of Solid-State Batteries?

Learn why <1 ppm oxygen and moisture levels in argon glove boxes are vital for lithium metal stability and solid-state battery research validity.

How Does A High-Purity Inert Gas Glovebox Facilitate The Preparation Of Air-Sensitive Iridium Catalyst Systems?

Learn how high-purity gloveboxes protect iridium catalysts and chiral ligands from oxidation to ensure high conversion in hydroarylation.

Why Is It Necessary To Use Vacuum Glove Boxes And Schlenk Systems For Vs4 Synthesis? Ensure Purity & Safety

Learn why vacuum glove boxes and Schlenk systems are essential for VS4 synthesis to prevent oxidation and moisture-induced toxic gas release.

What Is The Purpose Of Treating A Battery In A High-Vacuum Oven At 80 °C? Ensure Reliable Electrochemical Data

Learn why 80 °C vacuum drying is essential after sensor placement to remove moisture and prevent electrolyte hydrolysis in battery research.

What Is The Purpose Of Performing Immediate Water Quenching After High-Temperature Compression? Freeze Microstructure

Learn why immediate water quenching is critical for A100 steel to freeze dynamic recrystallization and prevent grain growth after deformation.

Why Is Pressure Control Critical For Hepba Coin Cell Assembly? Achieve Precision Lab Sealing Results

Learn how precision pressure control in coin cell sealing ensures hermetic integrity and minimizes interfacial resistance for HEPBA batteries.

How Do Instrumented Dies Equipped With Radial Stress Sensors Assist In Calibrating Powder Compression Models?

Learn how radial stress sensors capture lateral pressure to calculate friction coefficients and calibrate accurate powder compression models.

What Role Does An Inert Gas Glove Box Play In Battery Material Testing? Ensure Data Integrity With <1 Ppm Control

Learn how inert gas glove boxes protect battery materials from electrolyte hydrolysis and acidic impurities by maintaining <1 ppm oxygen and moisture.

Why Is A Nitrogen Atmosphere Glove Box Required For Handling Al/Mg Powders? Ensure Purity And Safety

Learn how nitrogen glove boxes prevent oxidation and ensure safety when processing reactive aluminum and magnesium powders.

How Does A Laboratory Electric Thermostatic Drying Oven Contribute To The Activation Of Ni-Mof Products?

Unlock the full chemical potential of Ni-MOF products through precise thermal activation in laboratory drying ovens. Learn the mechanics here.

Why Is Temperature Control Precision Critical For Sintering Porous Silicon Carbide? Optimize Strength And Porosity

Learn why precise temperature control in the 1750°C-1850°C range is vital for Porous Silicon Carbide with aluminum and boron additives.

Why Must A Specific Sealing Pressure Be Set On A Coin Cell Crimping Machine? Optimize Your Gel Polymer Battery Assembly

Learn why precise sealing pressure is critical for gel polymer batteries to ensure ion transport, low resistance, and hermetic sealing.

What Is The Purpose Of Embedding Green Bodies In Carbon Powder During Fast/Sps? Achieve Near-Net-Shape Precision

Learn how carbon powder beds enable quasi-isostatic pressure in FAST/SPS to sinter complex geometries without deformation or cracking.

How Does A Laboratory Inert Gas Glove Box Protect Polished Llzto Ceramic Pellets? Preserve Battery Material Integrity

Learn how inert gas glove boxes protect LLZTO ceramic pellets by maintaining moisture and oxygen below 0.1 ppm to prevent lithium carbonate formation.

Why Must Solid Samples Be Ground To <2 Microns For Ir Spectroscopy? Achieve Precision In Spectral Analysis

Learn why reducing sample particle size to under 2 microns is essential to prevent scattering and ensure high-contrast infrared spectroscopy data.

What Environmental Protections Does A High-Purity Argon Glovebox Provide? Ensure All-Solid-State Battery Integrity

Learn how high-purity argon gloveboxes protect lithium anodes and solid electrolytes from moisture and oxygen to ensure battery performance.