What Are The Typical Load And Pressure Values For Pelletizing Milk Powder? Optimize Your Food Research Compaction

Learn the ideal parameters for milk powder pelletizing: 31 MPa pressure and 4.0 tonnes load are key for solubility and integrity.

How Does A Laboratory Press Contribute To The Preparation Of Rock Samples For Pxrd? Enhancing Data Precision

Learn how a laboratory press optimizes PXRD by creating uniform, flat-surfaced rock pellets for accurate mineral phase and crystal structure analysis.

How Does The Pressure Stabilization Function Of An Automatic Hydraulic System Affect Permeability-Stress Experiments?

Learn how pressure stabilization eliminates experimental noise and ensures data integrity in rock joint permeability-stress coupling tests.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In High-Entropy Alloy Production? Mastering Green Body Density

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform high-entropy alloy powders into high-density green bodies for superior sintering results.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Press Machine Essential For Ncm622 Electrode Sheets? Optimize Battery Performance

Learn how high-precision pressing optimizes NCM622 electrode density and porosity to reduce impedance and enhance high-rate battery performance.

Why Is A Laboratory Mounting Press Essential For Al2O3-Sic Nanocomposites? Master Your Material Testing Foundation

Learn why a mounting press is critical for Al2O3-SiC testing, ensuring precise alignment for Vickers hardness and microstructural analysis.

What Technical Advantages Does Hip Equipment Provide For Tungsten-Copper-Nickel? Achieve Near-Theoretical Density

Discover how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) optimizes Tungsten-Copper-Nickel contacts by achieving 98%+ density and inhibiting nanograin growth.

What Processing Is Required For The Sample-Kbr Mixture Before It Is Pressed Into A Pellet? Master The Prep For Flawless Ftir Analysis

Learn the critical steps for preparing a sample-KBr pellet, including grinding to 200 mesh, drying at 110°C, and using a vacuum for clear FTIR results.

How Is A Laboratory Press Machine Utilized To Evaluate Gecsgr? Testing Mechanical Properties For Dam Infrastructure

Learn how laboratory presses evaluate the compressive and flexural strength of Gas-Entrained Cemented Sand and Gravel with Rich Slurry (GECSGR).

How Does An Automated Dental Hot Press Furnace Ensure Process Consistency? Achieve Flawless Ceramic Results

Learn how automated dental hot press furnaces synchronize vacuum, heat, and pressure to eliminate defects and ensure dense ceramic restorations.

How Does A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Facilitate The Control Of Porosity In Sulfide Solid Electrolyte?

Learn how high-precision hydraulic presses optimize LPSCl electrolyte density and ionic conductivity through controlled powder compaction.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Cobalt Niobate Anode Materials? Achieve Pure-Phase Synthesis

Learn why a hydraulic press is critical for synthesizing CoNb2O6 anode materials, ensuring particle contact and pure-phase orthorhombic structures.

Why Is A High Pressure Of Up To 392 Mpa Applied During The Assembly Of All-Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Superior Battery Performance

Learn why applying up to 392 MPa of pressure is critical for densifying solid electrolytes, reducing impedance, and stabilizing lithium anodes in all-solid-state batteries.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Uniaxial Hydraulic Press To Compact Ta-Doped Llzto Powder At Approximately 300 Mpa Before Sintering? To Build A Dense Foundation For Superior Solid-State Electrolytes

Learn why high-pressure compaction is critical for creating dense, high-performance Ta-doped LLZTO solid electrolytes with enhanced ionic conductivity and mechanical integrity.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Hydraulic Press To Pre-Press Lithium Or Sodium Metal Foils Onto Steel Rods Before Assembling A Symmetric Battery Cell? Ensure Perfect Anode Contact For Superior Battery Performance

Learn how hydraulic press pre-pressing creates a flawless, low-impedance anode interface for solid-state batteries by enabling plastic deformation of lithium or sodium foils.

What Are The Key Differences Between Uniaxial And Isostatic Pressing? Choose The Right Method For Superior Lab Components

Compare uniaxial vs. isostatic pressing for lab materials: understand force direction, density uniformity, and geometric limitations for optimal results.

What Is The Importance Of An In-Situ Compression Setup? The Key To Functional Solid-State Batteries

Learn why in-situ compression is vital for solid-state battery testing, ensuring intimate contact, managing expansion, and suppressing dendrites.

What Is The Rationale For Applying A High Pressure Of 380 Mpa To Compact A Silicon-Based Composite Anode With A Solid Electrolyte In Battery Fabrication? Achieve Superior Densification For High-Performance Solid-State Batteries

Discover why 380 MPa pressure is critical for eliminating voids, reducing interfacial resistance, and maximizing ion transport in solid-state silicon anode batteries.

How Do Customer Testimonials And Case Studies Validate Lab Pellet Presses? Unlock Proven Performance For Your Lab

Learn how customer testimonials and case studies provide real-world proof of lab pellet press reliability, pellet quality, and ease of use for better decisions.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Expert Sample Preparation For Ftir & Xrf Analysis

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform powders into dense pellets for XRF and FTIR, ensuring data accuracy and structural homogeneity.

Why Are Pre-Heating Stations Critical In Automated Ceramic Isostatic Pressing? Boost Throughput And Cycle Efficiency

Learn how pre-heating stations eliminate thermal bottlenecks in isostatic pressing, reducing cycle times and maximizing press productivity.

How Does The Design Of A Multi-Anvil Press Enable The Achievement Of Ultra-High Pressure? Master Deep-Earth Simulations

Learn how geometric centripetal compression in a multi-anvil press multiplies force to reach 25–30 GPa for deep-Earth and planetary research.

What Impact Does The Pressing Process Have On Battery Interlayers? Optimize Microstructure For High-Performance Ions

Learn how high-pressure molding defines the microstructure of polymer-inorganic composites, improving ion conductivity and mechanical stability.

What Are The Advantages Of Isostatic Pressing For Solid-State Electrolytes? Achieve Superior Structural Homogeneity

Discover how isostatic pressing eliminates density gradients and inhibits lithium dendrite growth in solid-state electrolyte thin layers.

Why Is A Benchtop Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Ha Ceramic Green Bodies? Mastering Initial Uniaxial Pressing

Learn why a laboratory hydraulic press is critical for forming Hydroxyapatite (HA) green bodies, ensuring particle packing and mechanical strength.

What Is The Role Of A High-Capacity Hydraulic Lab Press Machine In Concrete Testing? Ensure Structural Strength

Learn how high-capacity hydraulic lab presses determine the compressive strength of concrete cubes through standardized loading and failure analysis.

How Do Precision Mechanical Frame Systems Achieve Lateral Pressure Control In The Packaging Of Solid-State Batteries?

Learn how dual-axis constraints and polymer interlayers optimize solid-state battery packaging via lateral pressure control and dendrite suppression.

Why Is A High-Precision Lab Hydraulic Press Essential For Ultrasonic Consolidation? Optimize Nickel Foil Bonding

Learn why precise mechanical loading is critical for ultrasonic consolidation of nickel foils to ensure energy transfer and bond integrity.

What Is The Primary Role Of A High-Precision Hydraulic Press In Solid-State Battery Prep? Maximize Ion Conductivity

Learn how hydraulic presses eliminate interfacial impedance and densify solid electrolyte layers to enable high-performance solid-state batteries.

What Role Does Industrial Hot Isostatic Press (Hip) Equipment Play In The Manufacturing Of Fgh4113A Alloy?

Learn how industrial HIP equipment achieves near-theoretical density and eliminates porosity in FGH4113A alloy manufacturing.

Why Is A Vacuum Hot Pressing System Core For Aluminum Composites? Achieve Superior High-Density Consolidation

Learn how vacuum hot pressing ensures full densification and superior bonding in aluminum matrix composites by preventing oxidation.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Sputtering Target Preparation? Achieve High-Density Targets

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses consolidate ferroelectric powders into high-density targets for superior thin film deposition and quality.

How Does A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Measure Rock Fracture Toughness For Buoyant Fracture Models?

Learn how high-precision hydraulic presses provide the stable load control needed to calculate fracture toughness and predict fracture propagation.

How Does Pressure Molding With A Hydraulic Press Ensure Sample Structural Stability For Dynamic Analysis? Learn More

Discover how hydraulic press molding increases graphite density to eliminate voids and ensure accurate MSD/RDF analysis of water molecule dynamics.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In The Preparation Of Composite Cathodes? Boost Asb Performance

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids, reduce interfacial impedance, and optimize conduction pathways in solid-state batteries.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Ensure The Quality Of Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Layers? Achieve Max Densification

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity and optimize ion transport in sulfide solid-state batteries via precise cold pressing.

What Is The Main Application Of Hydraulic Presses In Solid-State Battery Assembly? Optimize Your Ionic Pathways

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses enable solid-state battery performance by laminating layers and eliminating interfacial resistance.

Why Are Precision Coating And Laboratory Press Machines Required For High-Quality Battery Electrodes?

Learn why precision coating and pressing are essential for battery electrode efficiency, focusing on mass loading, density, and cycle stability.

What Are The Advantages Of An Automatic Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Electrolyte Evaluation? Ensure Consistency

Learn how automatic hydraulic presses eliminate human error and ensure reproducibility in electrolyte formulation and battery research.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Necessary For All-Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Optimal Ion Transport

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids, reduce interfacial resistance, and suppress dendrites in solid-state battery research.

Why Is A Laboratory Press Machine Indispensable For Metal-Ion Capacitor Electrode Sheets? Optimize Density & Stability

Learn how laboratory press machines maximize energy density and minimize resistance in metal-ion capacitor electrodes through precise compaction.

How Does Laboratory Pressure Testing Equipment Simulate Actual Working Conditions For Aqueous Battery Safety Research?

Learn how laboratory pressure testing mimics stack pressure and mechanical stress to optimize aqueous battery safety and interface stability.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press In Cu-Swcnt Pellet Formation? Key Consolidation Steps

Learn how uniaxial hydraulic presses transform Cu-SWCNT powders into stable green bodies through mechanical interlocking and particle rearrangement.

What Role Does A Laboratory High-Pressure Press Play In Fe90Sc10 Nanoglass? Transform Nanoclusters Into Bulk Solids

Learn how high-pressure presses (1.5–4.5 GPa) consolidate Fe90Sc10 nanoclusters into dense bulk nanoglass while preserving amorphous structures.

What Are The Advantages Of Using Precision Molding Equipment? High-Density Pvh-In-Sio2 Electrolyte Film Solutions

Discover how precision molding outperforms solution casting for PVH-in-SiO2 films, offering higher energy density and superior structural uniformity.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Isostatic Press In Raw Material Rod Preparation? Ensure Perfect Crystal Growth

Learn how laboratory isostatic presses eliminate density gradients and defects to prepare high-purity rods for rutile single crystal growth.

Why Is Extreme Extrusion Pressure Necessary For Pfas Polymers? Unlock Superior Molecular Alignment

Learn how extreme extrusion pressure transforms PFAS polymers through molecular alignment, ensuring critical viscosity and structural integrity.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To The Structural Integrity Of Assb Half-Cells? Master Densification

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity and maximize interfacial contact to ensure the structural integrity of solid-state batteries.

What Is The Function Of A High-Strength Graphite Mold? Achieve 99% Density In Ti74Nb26 Alloy Hot-Pressing

Learn how high-strength graphite molds enable full densification of Ti74Nb26 alloys through uniform pressure and thermal stability at 800°C.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Press Machine In Nasicon Electrolyte Preparation? Key To High Ionic Conductivity

Learn how laboratory presses facilitate densification, eliminate voids, and optimize ionic conductivity for NASICON solid-state electrolytes.

How Do A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press And A Precision Mold Function Together? Master Ybco Bulk Forming

Learn how the synergy between a hydraulic press and precision mold creates high-quality YBCO green bodies by reducing porosity and ensuring density.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Solid-State Battery Fabrication? Maximize Ionic Conductivity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses apply 500 MPa to Li10SnP2S12 electrolyte to reduce interfacial resistance and ensure ionic conduction.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Heated Press In Preparing Pa12,36? Master Sample Densification For Foaming

Learn how laboratory heated presses transform PA12,36 powder into defect-free sheets for foaming through precise temperature and pressure control.

What Is The Technical Value Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Lithium Metal Battery Electrode Preparation?

Learn how precise compaction improves electrode microstructure, reduces resistance, and boosts energy density in lithium battery research.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Ti-2.5Al-Xmn Alloy Powders? Master 600 Mpa Cold Pressing

Learn why 600 MPa of uniaxial pressure is essential for Ti-2.5Al-xMn alloy densification, mechanical interlocking, and high-quality sintering.

What Is The Purpose Of Applying 2 Metric Tons Of Pressure In Polymer Molding? Achieve Flawless Mechanochromic Films

Learn how high pressure eliminates air pockets, ensures structural integrity, and guarantees data accuracy for mechanochromic polymer film testing.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Automatic Lab Press? Optimize Solid-State Battery Research And Prototyping

Learn how automatic lab presses densify electrolytes, reduce interfacial resistance, and ensure stability in solid-state battery development.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Si3N4 Preparation? Achieve High-Density Ceramic Sintering

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses create high-strength Si3N4 green bodies through precision powder compaction and liquid-phase sintering prep.

How Do A Specialized Metallographic Mounting Press And Its Resins Assist In Lpbf Analysis? Ensure Edge Integrity

Learn how metallographic mounting presses and thermosetting resins protect LPBF samples from edge rounding for accurate microstructural analysis.

Why Is Precise Control Of Pressure Rates Necessary For Wheat Isostatic Pressing? Optimize Moisture Treatment Today

Learn how precise pressurization and depressurization rates modify wheat pore structure to enhance moisture absorption and treatment uniformity.

What Is The Primary Purpose Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Solid-State Battery Assembly? Optimize Ion Performance

Learn how precision hydraulic presses overcome interfacial resistance in solid-state batteries to ensure efficient ion transport and safety.

Why Is Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Required For Si3N4 Bearings? Ensure Peak Density And Fatigue Resistance

Learn how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) eliminates porosity in silicon nitride to create high-performance, fatigue-resistant ceramic bearings.

Why Must Constant Uniaxial Pressure Be Maintained During Sodium Deposition? Ensure Accurate Battery Cycling Data

Learn why constant pressure is critical to counteract the $0.88 cm^3/Ah$ volume shifts during sodium cycling and prevent interface delamination.

What Are The Primary Functions Of A High-Precision Lab Compression Machine? Essential Seismic Test Prep

Learn how lab compression machines determine material strength, provide FEA data, and ensure accuracy for masonry seismic performance testing.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Clay Ceramic Membrane Production? Achieve Superior Structural Integrity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform raw clay into high-performance ceramic membranes through precise compaction and density control.

What Is The Necessity Of Sandwiching Superconducting Tapes During Hot Pressing? Ensure Stability And Precision

Learn why sandwiching superconducting tapes between metal sheets is critical for uniform pressure, geometric stability, and sheath protection.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hot-Press Vacuum Sealing Machine Play In The Packaging Process Of Pouch Lithium Batteries?

Discover how hot-press vacuum sealing ensures hermetic integrity, reduces impedance, and suppresses dendrites in pouch lithium-metal batteries.

How Does An Industrial-Grade Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To Determining Rock Constitutive Models?

Learn how precision hydraulic presses provide essential data like Young's modulus and peak stress for rock constitutive model calibration.

Why Is An Adjustable Blank Holder Force Feature Necessary For A Lab Press? Optimize Paperboard Tray Forming Limits

Learn why adjustable blank holder force is critical for evaluating paperboard tray formability, from elongation limits to friction analysis.

How Does A Lab Press Influence Green Body Quality In Hea Production? Expert Insights Into High-Entropy Alloy Densification

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids and establish the microstructural foundation for high-performance high-entropy alloys.

How Does A Lab Hydraulic Press Manage Carbon Black Spring-Back? Optimize High Energy Density Electrode Prep

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses overcome carbon black spring-back using pressure cycles, graphite synergy, and heat for stable electrodes.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Improve Phosphate Glass Electrolyte Toughness? Densify Solid-State Batteries

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids and micro-cracks to enhance the mechanical toughness of phosphate glass electrolytes.

What Is The Function Of A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Engineering Hollow Sphere Composites

Learn how high-precision laboratory hydraulic presses enable precise uniaxial compaction to create structural skeletons for hollow sphere composites.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Activated Carbon Electrodes? Optimize Energy Density

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses compact activated carbon to reduce resistance, ensure conductivity, and enhance battery energy density.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In The Preparation Of Sputtering Targets? Master Precision Lab Pressing

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses ensure densification, geometric accuracy, and uniformity for sputtering targets and phase-change ceramics.

What Is The Function Of A Manual Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Geopolymer Ftir Analysis? Achieve Optical Transparency

Learn how manual hydraulic presses create transparent KBr pellets for geopolymer FTIR analysis by eliminating light scattering through compression.

Why Is It Necessary To Achieve High Sample Density When Measuring Mineral Elastic Constants? Ensure Data Integrity

Learn why high sample density is vital for mineral elastic constants and how high-precision presses eliminate porosity for accurate seismic data.

What Function Does A Hydraulic Press Serve In Aluminum Matrix Composite Consolidation? Achieve Perfect Green Bodies

Learn how high-tonnage hydraulic presses use 300-1000 MPa to transform aluminum powder into high-density green bodies via plastic deformation.

What Is The Role Of Lab Pellet Presses In Biological Research? Enhance Data Reproducibility With Kintek

Learn how lab pellet presses standardize biological samples for spectroscopy and XRD, ensuring high-quality, reproducible research data.

What Is A Hydraulic Mini Press And How Does It Work? Portable Power For Precise Material Compression

Learn how the hydraulic mini press uses Pascal’s principle to deliver 2 tons of force in a compact, 4kg portable package for lab and field work.

What Performance Characteristics Are Required For A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Llzo? Achieve Superior Density

Learn why precise pressure control and stability are critical for fabricating high-performance LLZO solid-state electrolyte pellets for batteries.

What Is The Role Of A Hydraulic Press In H13 Steel Powder Compaction? Achieve 75% Green Density For Sintering Success

Learn how high-performance laboratory hydraulic presses enable precise compaction of H13 steel powder to reach critical density for sintering.

Why Is An Intensifier Pump Essential For High-Pressure Processing? Ensure Consistent Microbial Inactivation Results

Learn how intensifier pumps generate up to 680 MPa and stabilize pressure for valid, reproducible food preservation and safety research data.

Why Is High-Precision Pressure Control Necessary In A Laboratory Press For Micron-Silicon Anodes? | Kintek Solution

Learn why 240 MPa precision pressing is vital for silicon anodes to manage volume expansion and maintain conductivity in solid-state batteries.

What Is The Critical Value Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Battery Research? Optimize Electrode Density

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate density gradients and optimize electrode microstructure for superior battery performance.

How Does Laboratory-Scale Isostatic Pressing Equipment Assist In Mango Quarantine? Optimize Pest Sterilization Today

Learn how isostatic pressing determines exact pressure and time thresholds to eliminate pests while preserving mango quality for export safety.

How Do Laboratory Battery Sealing Machines Ensure Performance Consistency? Master Your Lithium And Lfp Battery Assembly

Learn how precision laboratory presses and sealing machines optimize electrode interfaces and ensure hermetic stability in LFP and gel batteries.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Necessary For Graphene/Calcium Silicate Forming? Ensure Structural Integrity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses and uniaxial pressing facilitate air expulsion and particle bonding in graphene composite manufacturing.

Why Use Precise Pressure Displays For Solid-State Batteries? Achieve The 'Goldilocks' Zone In Battery Development.

Learn why precise pressure displays are critical for solid-state battery research to optimize ion transport and maintain material integrity.

What Is The Role Of High-Pressure Isostatic Equipment In Borosilicate Glass Densification? Expert Process Insights

Learn how high-pressure isostatic equipment utilizes gas media and thermal control to achieve permanent densification in borosilicate glass.

What Is The Role Of The Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press In Forming Zirconia? Unlock Precision Green Body Formation

Learn how uniaxial hydraulic presses transform 3Y-TZP zirconia powder into green bodies, providing the foundation for CIP and sintering processes.

How Does The Application Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Improve The Interface Contact Performance In Granular Composite Electrodes For All-Solid-State Metal-Sulfur Batteries?

Learn how hydraulic presses optimize solid-state battery interfaces by eliminating voids, reducing resistance, and enhancing ionic transport.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Shea Butter? Optimize Oil Extraction & Yield

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses use high-pressure cellular rupture to maximize Shea butter extraction efficiency and consistency.

What Is The Technical Necessity Of Using A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press For Basalt-Stainless Steel Composites?

Learn why laboratory uniaxial hydraulic presses are essential for pre-forming basalt-stainless steel composites and creating stable green bodies.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Press In The Preparation Of Magnetron Sputtering Targets? Enhance Film Quality

Learn how laboratory presses consolidate LaFeO3 powders into high-density targets for stable atomic flow and precise thin film deposition.

Why Is A Warm Isostatic Press Preferred Over A Standard Uniaxial Hydraulic Press For Ltcc? Protect Complex Geometries

Discover why Warm Isostatic Pressing (WIP) is superior for LTCC lamination, offering uniform density and protecting delicate internal structures.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Micp Studies? Achieve Precision In Xrd And Ftir Soil Analysis

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses create high-quality pellets for XRD and FTIR to verify calcite precipitation in MICP soil research.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Ceramic Target Preparation? Master Thin Film Quality

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses create dense green bodies and micro-crack-free ceramic targets for high-performance ferroelectric thin films.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Pt(Bqd)2 Powder Preparation? Optimize Your Material Research

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses consolidate Pt(bqd)2 powder into dense compacts for hydrostatic testing and resistivity measurements.

How Do The Bulk And Shear Modulus Of Llzo Influence Laboratory Hydraulic Press Selection For Battery Research?

Learn how LLZO's bulk (141.43 GPa) and shear (76.43 GPa) moduli dictate pressure settings for dense, crack-free solid-state electrolyte pellets.