To ensure the target thickness of Bi-2223 thick films is met, the process relies on a precise calculation of material shrinkage. Because the film thickness is reduced by approximately 50% during post-processing, the initial spray coating must be applied at a volume roughly twice the desired final thickness.
The core mechanism for thickness control is anticipating densification: Bi-2223 films shrink to about half their initial size after sintering and Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP). Consequently, the initial deposition volume is deliberately set to 200% of the final target to compensate for this predictable loss.
The Mechanics of Thickness Compensation
The Shrinkage Factor
Bi-2223 thick films undergo a significant physical transformation during the fabrication cycle.
The combination of high-temperature sintering and Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) treatments causes the material to densify rapidly.
As a result of these treatments, the film typically shrinks to approximately half of its initial thickness.
Calibrating the Initial Deposit
To ensure the final product meets specifications, the spray coating process utilizes a strictly defined compensation ratio.
Operators must set the initial spray coating volume to roughly twice the intended final thickness.
This pre-emptive volume adjustment is the primary control method used to counteract the shrinkage caused by thermal and pressure treatments.
Process Capabilities and Considerations
High Controllability
Despite the drastic change in volume, spray coating is favored because it offers high thickness controllability.
The shrinkage rate is consistent enough that the final outcome can be predicted accurately by managing the initial input volume.
Meeting Practical Requirements
This method of compensation is essential for applications requiring robust film layers.
For example, if the practical requirement dictates a final thickness of over 500 μm, the process requires an initial coating thickness significantly larger than that target.
Without this 2:1 over-application, the film would densify below the required threshold for practical utility.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
To apply this to your fabrication process, you must plan your initial parameters based on the expected densification.
- If your primary focus is hitting a specific Final Dimension: Set your initial spray parameters to deposit a layer that is exactly 200% of your target thickness.
- If your primary focus is Process Stability: Ensure consistent application of Sintering and CIP parameters, as variations here will alter the shrinkage rate and invalidate your initial volume calculations.
Reliable thickness in Bi-2223 films is not achieved by preventing shrinkage, but by mathematically compensating for it before the sintering process begins.
Summary Table:
| Stage of Production | Thickness Ratio | Physical Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Spray Coating | 200% (Target x2) | High volume deposition |
| Sintering & CIP | -50% Reduction | Rapid densification & consolidation |
| Final Bi-2223 Film | 100% (Target) | Met specification (e.g., >500 μm) |
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References
- Michiharu Ichikawa, Toshiro Matsumura. Characteristics of Bi-2223 Thick Films on an MgO Substrate Prepared by a Coating Method.. DOI: 10.2221/jcsj.37.479
This article is also based on technical information from Kintek Press Knowledge Base .
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