What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Biomass Briquette Forming? Optimize Your Densification Process

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses drive biomass densification, improve combustion efficiency, and enhance briquette structural integrity.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Ensure Sodium-Ion Battery Consistency? Optimize Electrode Fabrication Results

Learn how high-precision hydraulic presses standardize electrode thickness and compaction density for reliable sodium-ion battery research.

What Core Function Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Perform During The Shaping Phase Of 6Sc1Cezr Electrolytes?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform 6Sc1CeZr powder into high-density green bodies essential for solid-state electrolyte research.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Soil Spectral Analysis? Achieve Precision With Pelletization

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform raw soil into uniform pellets to ensure accurate spectral data and eliminate scattering errors.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Hot Press Essential For Curing Composite Plates? Optimize Your Material Consolidation

Learn how laboratory hydraulic hot presses use synchronized heat and pressure to eliminate voids and cure high-performance composite plates.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Machine In Soil Analysis? Achieve High-Precision Results

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses standardize soil samples for XRF & FTIR analysis by creating uniform pellets for precise chemical detection.

Why Use A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Coffee Ground Fertilizer? Optimize Nutrient Release & Pellet Quality

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform coffee grounds into high-density, slow-release fertilizers through precise engineering and physics.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Optimize The Interface In Solid-State Li-Co2 Batteries? Key To Ionic Conductivity

Learn how a laboratory hydraulic press eliminates interfacial voids and reduces resistance to optimize solid-state lithium-carbon dioxide batteries.

What Features Might A Programmable Xrf Pellet Press Offer? Automate For Consistent, High-Quality Pellets

Discover programmable XRF pellet press features like timed cycles, auto top-up, and step functions for reliable, automated sample preparation and accurate analysis.

Why Is A Heated Hydraulic Press Considered A Critical Tool In Research And Production Environments? Unlock Precision And Efficiency In Material Processing

Discover how heated hydraulic presses combine pressure and heat for precise material shaping, testing, and bonding in labs and industries.

What Are The Primary Applications Of A Heated Hydraulic Press In Spectroscopy? Enhance Sample Prep For Accurate Analysis

Discover how heated hydraulic presses improve FTIR and XRF spectroscopy by creating uniform pellets for precise, reproducible spectral data.

What Are The Advantages Of Hand Presses For Kbr Pellets? Cost-Effective, Portable Solutions For Labs

Discover the benefits of hand presses for KBr pellets: cost-effectiveness, portability, simplicity, and high-quality FTIR results for small-scale labs.

Why Is A Hydraulic Heat Press Critical In Research And Industry? Unlock Precision For Superior Results

Discover how hydraulic heat presses combine pressure and heat for precise material transformation in labs and manufacturing, enhancing quality and repeatability.

What Are The Applications Of Hydraulic Heat Presses In Material Testing And Research? Enhance Precision And Reliability In Your Lab

Explore hydraulic heat press uses in material testing and sample prep for accurate mechanical property analysis and uniform pellet creation in spectroscopy.

What Is X-Ray Fluorescence (Xrf) And What Is Its Primary Use? Uncover Non-Destructive Elemental Analysis

Learn how XRF provides rapid, non-destructive elemental analysis for quality control, research, and material verification across industries.

How Does The Kbr Pellet Method Allow For Controlled Sample Concentration In Ir Spectroscopy? Achieve Precise Dilution For Accurate Analysis

Learn how the KBr pellet method controls sample concentration in IR spectroscopy for optimal signal intensity and high-quality spectral data.

How Are Hydraulic Laboratory Presses Utilized In The Rubber Industry? Ensure Precise Rubber Testing And Quality Control

Learn how hydraulic lab presses create standardized rubber test specimens for accurate quality control, vulcanization, and ASTM compliance in the industry.

What Is The Purpose Of Pressing Powder Samples For Xrf Analysis? Enhance Accuracy And Reliability In Your Lab

Learn how pressing powder pellets for XRF analysis ensures uniform surfaces, boosts signal intensity, and delivers precise chemical composition results.

How Do Hydraulic Hot Press Machines Enhance Operational Efficiency? Boost Productivity With Precision And Automation

Learn how hydraulic hot press machines improve efficiency through precise force and heat control, automation, and structural stability for consistent, high-quality results.

What Is The Typical Load Range For Laboratory Hydraulic Presses? Find The Perfect Fit For Your Lab Needs

Discover the 2-40 tonne load range for lab hydraulic presses, ideal for sample prep, materials testing, and prototyping in research and QC.

What Are The Standard Features Included With Hydraulic Lab Presses? Essential Components For Safe And Reliable Operation

Learn about standard hydraulic lab press features like hardened steel frames, pressure gauges, and safety guards for precise and safe material processing.

What Are The Available Pressing Force Options For Hydraulic Lab Presses? Choose The Right Tonnage For Accurate Results

Explore hydraulic lab press tonnage options (5-40 tons) for precise sample prep in FTIR, XRF, and materials science. Ensure optimal performance and safety.

What Are Some Common Applications Of Hydraulic Presses? From Manufacturing To Lab Precision

Explore hydraulic press uses in metal forming, lab sample prep, and material testing. Learn how controlled force benefits industries.

What Is A Hydraulic Hot Press Machine And How Does It Differ? Unlock Precision In Material Processing

Learn how hydraulic hot presses combine force and heat for bonding, curing, and molding, offering advantages over standard presses and HIP.

What Are The Best Practices For Maintaining Lab Pellet Presses? Ensure Accuracy, Safety, And Longevity

Learn essential lab pellet press maintenance tips for cleaning, lubrication, calibration, and inspection to boost reliability and data integrity.

What Should Be Included In A Checklist For Making Xrf Pellets? Ensure Accurate And Repeatable Xrf Analysis

Learn the essential steps for XRF pellet preparation, including grinding, binding, and pressing, to achieve precise and reliable elemental analysis results.

Why Are Manual Hydraulic Presses Considered Cost-Effective? Save On Initial Costs And Maintenance

Learn why manual hydraulic presses are cost-effective with low purchase prices, simple designs, and minimal maintenance for labs and workshops.

Why Is A Hydraulic Press Used To Apply A High Pressure Of 375 Mpa To The Cathode Composite Material During The Assembly Of An All-Solid-State Battery Cell? To Create A Dense, Conductive Electrode

Learn how high-pressure compaction with a hydraulic press eliminates voids and reduces interfacial resistance in solid-state battery cathodes for superior performance.

How Does Pressure Control Precision Affect Lifepo₄ Cathode Density? Unlock Higher Battery Performance

Learn how precise hydraulic press pressure control during cold sintering boosts LiFePO₄ cathode density to 2.7 g cm⁻³ for superior energy storage.

Why Is A Lab Press Used To Form Pellets From Li1.5La1.5Mo6 Perovskite Powder Before Its Microwave Synthesis? Maximize Ion Diffusion For High-Purity Ceramics

Learn how using a lab press to form dense pellets accelerates solid-state reactions in microwave synthesis of Li1.5La1.5MO6 by maximizing particle contact and ion diffusion.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Hydraulic Press For The Final Pressing Of A Multi-Layered All-Solid-State Battery Cell During Assembly? Achieve Perfect Solid-Solid Interfaces

Discover how a hydraulic press creates intimate solid-solid interfaces in all-solid-state batteries by applying massive pressure to eliminate voids and reduce impedance.

Why Is Precise Pressure Control From A Laboratory Press Crucial When Assembling Batteries For Testing? Ensure Valid Electrochemical Data

Learn how precise lab press pressure ensures hermetic seals, uniform contact, and repeatable data for reliable battery testing and solid-state development.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Powder Layering? Architecting Stable Bilayer Cathodes For Solid-State Batteries

Learn how a lab hydraulic press applies precise pre-compaction pressure to create stable, high-density bilayer cathodes, preventing delamination and enhancing ion transport.

What Are Some Common Sample Preparation Techniques For Xrf? A Guide To Accurate Analysis

Learn key XRF sample prep methods: from loose powders to fused beads. Choose the right technique for accurate, trace-level analysis in your lab.

What Initial Step Is Crucial When Preparing Kbr Pellets For Spectroscopy? Eliminate Moisture For Perfect Ftir Results

Master the crucial first step of moisture removal for clear KBr pellets. Learn how to prevent cloudy discs and ensure accurate FTIR spectroscopy data.

What Are The Different Types Of Xrf Pellet Preparation Methods Available? Manual, Hydraulic, And Automated Presses Explained

Learn about manual, hydraulic, and automated XRF pellet preparation methods to ensure accurate, contamination-free sample analysis for your laboratory.

How Does Pellet Thickness Affect Ftir Spectral Quality? Optimize Your Analysis With Proper Techniques

Learn how pellet thickness impacts FTIR spectral quality, including signal saturation, noise, and reproducibility for accurate material analysis.

What Specific Laboratory Analyses Benefit From Hydraulic Press Sample Preparation? Enhance Ftir And Xrf Accuracy

Learn how hydraulic presses create uniform pellets for FTIR and XRF spectroscopy, improving data accuracy and repeatability in lab analyses.

What Are The Main Advantages Of Using Hydraulic Presses For Sample Preparation? Achieve Precise, Uniform Samples For Reliable Analysis

Discover how hydraulic presses ensure sample homogeneity with high force and precise control, enhancing accuracy in spectroscopy and materials testing.

What Are The Advantages Of Using Heated Hydraulic Presses? Achieve Superior Material Processing With Integrated Heat And Pressure

Discover the key benefits of heated hydraulic presses, including precise temperature control, uniform heating, and enhanced efficiency for advanced material processing.

How Does A Hydraulic Press Benefit Industrial Applications? Unlock Precision, Versatility, And Efficiency

Discover how hydraulic presses provide immense force, precise control, and versatility for forging, molding, and lab applications, enhancing industrial productivity.

How Are Presses Used In Laboratory Settings? Enhance Precision And Efficiency In Your Lab

Learn how laboratory presses ensure uniform sample preparation, accurate material testing, and reliable R&D with controlled force applications.

How Is A Hydraulic Press Used In The Study Of Ferromagnetic Materials? Uncover Key Roles In Magnetic Research

Learn how hydraulic presses prepare uniform samples and test magneto-mechanical effects in ferromagnetic materials for precise, reliable analysis.

How Do Laboratory Presses Contribute To Infrared Spectroscopy? Unlock Precise Solid Sample Analysis

Learn how lab presses create transparent KBr pellets for FTIR spectroscopy, enabling accurate chemical analysis of solid materials.

What Are The Advantages Of Using Hand Presses In Laboratories? Boost Precision And Efficiency In Your Lab

Discover the benefits of lab hand presses: cost-effective, precise, and easy to use for sample prep and materials testing in compact labs.

How Does The Compaction Of A Li4Ti5O12 Electrode Using A Laboratory Press Machine Lead To A Reduction In Its Internal Resistance?

Learn how lab press compaction of LTO electrodes minimizes internal resistance, boosts rate capability, and enhances cycling stability for superior battery performance.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Machine Play In Composite Development? Precision Lamination For R&D

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses enable precise lamination, resin impregnation, and defect-free composite material fabrication for R&D.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Hydrogel Preparation? Optimize Specimen Homogeneity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses ensure structural density and isotropic behavior in hydrogels for accurate mechanical coupling experiments.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In The Self-Assembly Of Fuel Cell Components? Achieve Stable Integration

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses stabilize fuel cell components through controlled mechanical loading, bypassing traditional thermal bonding.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Cartilage Scaffolds? Optimize Biomaterial Integrity & Porosity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform biomaterials into cartilage scaffolds through precise pressure, density, and porosity control.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Necessary For Ba2Cowo6 Samples? Achieve High-Density Pellets For Precise Measurements

Learn why a laboratory hydraulic press is essential for Ba2CoWO6 sample preparation to ensure high-density pellets and accurate electrical data.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In The Cold-Pressing Process For Llzo Powder? Achieve Precise Densification For Superior Solid-State Electrolytes

Learn how a lab hydraulic press compacts LLZO powder into a 'green body,' reducing porosity and creating the microstructural foundation for high-performance ceramic electrolytes.

Why Is A Constant External Pressure Of Approximately 8 Mpa Applied And Maintained During The Electrochemical Testing Of An All-Solid-State Battery? Ensure Accurate And Reproducible Results

Learn why constant external pressure is critical for minimizing interfacial resistance and ensuring valid data in all-solid-state battery testing.

Why Is 100 Mpa Pressure Used For Lyc Separators? Unlock Optimal Ionic Conductivity With Material-Specific Pressing

Discover why 100 MPa is the optimal pressure for fabricating Li3YCl6 solid-state electrolytes, balancing ductility, density, and ionic conductivity for superior battery performance.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Compaction When Assembling All-Solid-State Batteries With Sulfide Solid Electrolytes? Achieve Perfect Ionic Contact

Learn how a lab hydraulic press uses high pressure to cold-sinter sulfide electrolytes, creating dense, ion-conductive layers for superior solid-state battery performance.

Why Is A High Uniaxial Pressure Of 330 Mpa Applied During The Fabrication Of All-Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Superior Battery Performance

Discover how 330 MPa pressure in a lab press eliminates voids, reduces resistance, and creates efficient ion pathways for high-performance solid-state batteries.

What Role Do Laboratory Hydraulic Presses Play In The Physical Preparation Of Functionally Graded Porous Materials?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses stabilize density gradients and prevent delamination in functionally graded porous materials (FGMs).

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Important For Sample Preparation? Enhance High-Entropy Alloy Catalyst Analysis

Learn why hydraulic presses are vital for high-entropy alloy catalyst characterization, ensuring surface flatness and signal stability for XRD & XPS.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Large Hydraulic Cubic Press? Master High-Pressure Material Synthesis

Learn how the large hydraulic cubic press creates uniform, isotropic environments for material synthesis and geophysical research.

What Is The Primary Function Of A High-Pressure Laboratory Press Machine In Ssb? Optimize Solid-State Battery Interfaces

Learn how high-pressure laboratory presses ensure atomic-level contact and stabilize silicon anodes in solid-state battery (SSB) assembly.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Machine Provide Final Validation For Mkpc? Unlock Precision Strength Testing

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses validate MKPC performance through precise loading rates and mechanical strength testing at critical intervals.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Alumina Green Tape Lamination? Key Cold Pressing Benefits

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses provide densification and preliminary bonding for alumina green tapes during the cold pressing stage.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Critical For Manganese-Based Zinc-Air Battery Air Cathodes?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses ensure structural integrity, reduce resistance, and optimize performance in zinc-air battery assembly.

What Functions Do Precision Steel Dies And Laboratory Press Machines Serve During Titanium Powder Compaction?

Learn how precision dies and lab presses transform titanium powder into green compacts through particle rearrangement and mechanical interlocking.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used When Pressing Solid-State Battery Electrodes? Achieve Optimal Conductivity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids and reduce interfacial resistance in solid-state batteries for maximum ionic conductivity.

How Does The Pressure Precision Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Affect The Accuracy Of Edible Fungi Analysis?

Learn how pressure precision in hydraulic presses ensures sample density and X-ray penetration accuracy for elemental analysis of edible fungi.

What Is The Technical Significance Of The Pressure-Holding Function In Lithium-Sulfur Batteries? Enhancing Cell Performance

Learn how the pressure-holding function of a precision press ensures interface stability and minimizes impedance in solid-state Li-S batteries.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Ensure The Quality Of Green Compacts? Key Roles In Powder Compaction

Learn how 400 MPa of pressure, plastic deformation, and air removal in a hydraulic press create high-density green compacts for copper composites.

Why Are Metal Dies And Laboratory Hydraulic Presses Required For Forming Bulk Calcium Phosphate Ceramics?

Learn why hydraulic presses and metal dies are essential for creating durable ceramic green bodies through high-pressure powder compaction.

How Do Laboratory Isostatic Presses Or Heated Hydraulic Presses Contribute To The Preparation Of Solid-State Batteries?

Discover how isostatic and heated hydraulic presses optimize solid-state battery electrolytes by reducing interface resistance and porosity.

What Role Do Laboratory Hydraulic Presses Play In Battery Assembly? Precision Compression For High-Performance Cells

Learn how laboratory hydraulic and automatic presses optimize electrochemical interfaces, densify electrolytes, and ensure battery test consistency.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Magnetic Composite Preparation? Achieve Peak Density

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids and ensure density uniformity in barium ferrite and polyester resin magnetic composites.

Why Is A Laboratory Precision Lab Press Machine Indispensable For Silicon-Based Anode Sample Preparation For Coin Cells?

Learn why precision lab presses are vital for silicon anodes: balancing electrode density, managing volume expansion, and ensuring cell safety.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Preparing Samples For Scattering Experiments? Ensure Precision Data

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses standardize samples for SAXS, SANS, and WAXS by ensuring uniform thickness and eliminating material artifacts.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Blt Ceramic Preparation? Essential Shaping And Consolidation

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform BLT powders into high-density green bodies through axial compression and particle rearrangement.

What Are The Steps Involved In Preparing A Kbr Pellet For Analysis? Master Ftir Sample Prep

Learn the 4-step process for KBr pellet preparation: from mixing and grinding to compression under 8-10 tons for clear FTIR analysis.

How Are Hydraulic Presses Used For Sample Preparation? Achieve Precision In Spectroscopy And Material Testing

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses prepare samples for FTIR, XRF, and mechanical testing by ensuring uniform density and optical clarity.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Testing System Play In Rock Plt? Achieve Precise Rock Strength Index Results

Learn how hydraulic systems provide the precision and stable loading required for Point Load Strength Tests (PLT) to estimate rock UCS accurately.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Necessary For Molding Polystyrene/Silica Specimens? Achieve Reliable Lab Data

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids and ensure uniform density in polystyrene/silica composites for accurate mechanical testing.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Evaluate Tta-Tph-Cuco Catalysts? Master Electrode Preparation For Zn-No3- Batteries

Learn how hydraulic pressing optimizes TTA-TPH-CuCo catalyst electrodes by reducing resistance and enhancing stability in Zn-NO3- batteries.

Why Is A High-Tonnage Hydraulic Lab Press With Heating Required For Binderless Biomaterials? Achieve Natural Bonding

Learn why heat and high pressure are essential to activate lignin and eliminate voids when creating high-density binderless biomaterials.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To The Structural Integrity Of Assb Half-Cells? Master Densification

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity and maximize interfacial contact to ensure the structural integrity of solid-state batteries.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Spider Silk-Based Biological Scaffolds? Achieve Peak Integrity

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform spider silk into high-performance biological scaffolds with precise density and structural strength.

Why Is A Decompression And Exhaust Operation Performed By A Laboratory Press? Ensure Void-Free Specimen Integrity

Learn why decompression and exhaust cycles are critical for removing air bubbles and volatiles in polypropylene and lignocellulose composites.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Zrte2 Samples? Achieve High-Density Pellets For Testing

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses ensure sample integrity and data accuracy for ZrTe2 testing through densification and porosity reduction.

How Is A Laboratory Press Machine Applied In Redox Flow Battery Analysis? Optimize Pxrd Sample Preparation

Learn how laboratory presses transform battery degradation byproducts into high-density pellets for precise PXRD and crystalline phase analysis.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Xrd And Eds Sample Preparation? Get High-Precision Analytical Data

Learn how a laboratory hydraulic press ensures surface flatness and sample density to eliminate data distortion in XRD and EDS analysis.

How Does A Laboratory Press Machine Contribute To Parameter Calibration For Coal Powder Leakage Models? Bridging Simulation And Reality

Learn how laboratory press machines provide the peak and residual strength data needed to calibrate accurate numerical simulation models for coal.

What Is The Function Of A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Solid-State Battery Development?

Discover how high-precision laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate interfacial resistance and densify materials for solid-state battery innovation.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Mineral Conductivity? Maximize Lithium-Ion Transport Accuracy

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity and reduce grain boundary resistance for accurate lithium-ion transport measurements.

What Is The Primary Objective Of Using A Laboratory Manual Hydraulic Press At 20 Mpa? Achieve Perfect Green Body Shaping

Learn why 20 MPa pre-molding is essential for yttrium oxide ceramic green bodies to ensure structural integrity and prevent processing defects.

How Do Laboratory Hydraulic Presses And Precision Dies Ensure The Standardization Of Cathode Testing? Expert Insights

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses and precision dies standardize zinc-ion battery cathode testing through uniform density and low resistance.

What Are The Advantages Of Using An Automatic Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Enhance Precision In Sample Preparation

Discover how automatic laboratory hydraulic presses improve data reliability, density uniformity, and workflow efficiency over manual presses.

How Does A Hydraulic Press Ensure Battery Test Repeatability? Master Precision Coin Cell Assembly & Data Accuracy

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses and encapsulation dies eliminate assembly error and stabilize electrochemical data in battery research.

What Is The Primary Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Biomass? Powering Amaranthus Hybridus Densification

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses overcome biomass elasticity and apply 10-ton loads to create high-density, stable briquettes from waste.

Why Use A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For La0.9Sr0.1Tio3+Δ Ceramic Powders? Essential Pre-Pressing Guide

Learn why a laboratory hydraulic press is vital for pre-pressing La0.9Sr0.1TiO3+δ powders to create strong green bodies and remove air.

What Is The Importance Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press And Precision Molds In Solid-State Battery Fabrication?

Learn how high-pressure compaction overcomes interfacial resistance and eliminates voids to create high-performance all-solid-state batteries.

What Are The Primary Functions Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Optimize Your Solid-State Chemistry Sample Prep

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity, create high-density green bodies, and enhance atomic diffusion in solid-state research.

How Does A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Ensure Data Validity? Achieve Reliable Cfs Structural Testing

Learn how high-precision hydraulic presses ensure data validity in CFS testing through stable axial pressure and integrated sensing systems.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Direct Shear Testing Of Rare Earth Ore? Simulate Peak Strength.

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses simulate geological lithostatic pressure to ensure accurate shear strength data for rare earth ore testing.