What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In The Synthesis Of Ba(Zr,Co,Fe,M)O3? Optimize Electrode Performance

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses enhance Ba(Zr,Co,Fe,M)O3 perovskite synthesis through powder densification, sintering prep, and conductivity.

Why Is Maintaining A Constant Stack Pressure With A Press Necessary For All-Solid-State Battery Cycling?

Learn why constant stack pressure is vital for all-solid-state batteries to prevent delamination and ensure electrochemical stability.

What Is The Objective Of Using A Heated Laboratory Press? Optimize Zrb2-Sic-Aln Composite Preforming

Learn why a heated laboratory press is essential for preforming ZrB2-SiC-AlN composites to enhance green strength and prepare for CIP.

How Do Vacuum Ovens And Glovebox Heating Impact Solid-State Battery Electrolytes? Optimize Your Ion Conductivity

Learn how precision thermal processing and vacuum dehydration eliminate impurities to boost ionic conductivity in solid-state battery electrolytes.

What Are The Specific Applications Of A Heated Laboratory Pellet Press In Energy Storage? Optimize Battery Research

Learn how hot pressing enhances all-weather energy storage materials by improving interfacial compatibility and creating continuous ion paths.

How Do Manual Hydraulic Presses Operate And What Are Their Limitations? A Guide To Cost-Effective Sample Prep

Learn how manual hydraulic presses work for FTIR/XRF pelletizing, their advantages for budget labs, and key limitations like operator variability.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Press In The Preparation Of Ceramic Sputtering Targets? Ensure Dense, Uniform Targets For Stable Sputtering

Learn how a lab press compacts ceramic powders like LLZO into dense green bodies, directly impacting sputtering performance and thin-film quality.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Uniaxial Hydraulic Press In Nasicon Fabrication? Ensure High-Density, Defect-Free Ceramic Pellets

Learn how a uniaxial hydraulic press compacts NASICON powder into a 'green pellet,' enabling high ionic conductivity and structural integrity in solid-state electrolytes.

Why Is It Necessary To Apply And Maintain A Constant Pressure With A Pressing Device When Testing The Ionic Conductivity Of Solid-State Electrolyte Powders?

Learn why constant pressure is critical for accurate ionic conductivity testing of solid-state electrolyte powders by eliminating voids and ensuring reliable data.

How Is A Laboratory Press Utilized When Creating A 3D Porous Electrolyte Skeleton Using Pmma Microspheres As A Porogen? Master The Forming Process

Learn how a lab press compacts electrolyte and PMMA powder into a green body to create a stable 3D porous skeleton after sintering.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Single-Axis Press At 60 Mpa To Compact Pure Libh₄ Powder? Build A Stable Foundation For Your Solid-State Battery

Learn why a 60 MPa pre-forming step is critical for creating a dense, independent LiBH₄ electrolyte separator in TiS₂/LiBH₄ all-solid-state battery fabrication.

What Are The Primary Advantages Of Using A Laboratory Press To Form Sulfide Electrolytes? Enable Low-Temperature, High-Density Manufacturing

Discover how a lab press forms dense sulfide electrolytes via cold pressing, eliminating high-temperature sintering for greater efficiency and performance.

What Are The Main Advantages Of Using The Kbr Pellet Method In Ftir Analysis? Achieve Superior Sensitivity And Accuracy

Discover the key benefits of the KBr pellet method for FTIR, including superior spectral quality, trace detection, and quantitative accuracy for solid samples.

What Are The Features Of A C-Frame Hydraulic Press? Maximize Efficiency In Tight Spaces

Discover the key features of C-frame hydraulic presses, including compact design, open access, and high-speed precision for small-scale manufacturing.

How Is The Integration Of Digital Technologies Impacting Modern Hydraulic Presses? Transforming Operations With Data-Driven Precision

Discover how digital integration transforms hydraulic presses into intelligent systems, enabling remote control, real-time monitoring, and enhanced accuracy.

Can Hydraulic Lab Presses Be Used In A Glove Box? Compact Solutions For Air-Sensitive Sample Prep

Learn how to use compact hydraulic lab presses in glove boxes for air-sensitive samples, ensuring purity and accurate results in spectroscopy and materials research.

Why Is A Vacuum Environment Used In Hot Pressing? Prevent Contamination For High-Purity Materials

Learn how vacuum environments in hot pressing prevent oxidation and contamination, ensuring dense, high-integrity materials for labs and industries.

Why Are Pressed Pellets A Standard Method Of Sample Preparation For Xrf Analysis? Achieve Accurate And Cost-Effective Results

Learn how pressed pellets ensure uniform, dense samples for reliable XRF analysis, improving accuracy and efficiency in laboratory testing.

How Does Warm Isostatic Pressing Differ From Cold Isostatic Pressing? Choose The Right Process For Your Materials

Explore the key differences between WIP and CIP, including temperature, material suitability, and process complexity for optimal powder consolidation.

What Are The Benefits Of Pressing Samples Into Pellets For Xrf Analysis? Boost Accuracy And Reproducibility

Learn how pressed pellets enhance XRF analysis with uniform density, better signal intensity, and reliable results for accurate quantitative data.

How Does Ai Improve The Success Rates Of Drug Discovery? Transform Drug Discovery With Ai-Driven Predictive Models

Learn how AI boosts drug discovery success by enabling virtual screening, predictive toxicology, and early failure detection to save time and costs.

How Is Wet Lab Data Structured And Standardized For Ai Models? Transform Raw Lab Data Into Ai-Ready Insights

Learn how to structure and standardize wet lab data for AI models with data governance and pipelines for better accuracy and reproducibility.

What Challenges Are Associated With Integrating Ai Into Lab Workflows? Overcome Data And System Hurdles

Learn about key AI integration challenges in labs, including data standardization, interoperability, and legacy systems, to enhance workflow efficiency.

What Specialized Industrial Applications Do Hydraulic Presses Have? From Aerospace To Cocoa Powder Production

Explore hydraulic press uses in forging, compaction, assembly, and material extraction for industries like aerospace, automotive, and food processing.

What Are The Main Components Of A Vacuum Hot Press Furnace? Unlock Precision Materials Processing

Explore the six core systems of a vacuum hot press furnace for advanced sintering and diffusion bonding, ensuring superior density and purity.

Why Is A Uniaxial Hydraulic Press Important For Preparing Li6Ps5Br Argyrodite Electrolyte Powder For Ionic Conductivity Measurements?

Discover why a uniaxial hydraulic press is essential for creating dense, low-porosity Li6PS5Br pellets to ensure accurate ionic conductivity measurements.

What Is The Purpose Of Using A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Compaction When Assembling All-Solid-State Batteries With Sulfide Solid Electrolytes? Achieve Perfect Ionic Contact

Learn how a lab hydraulic press uses high pressure to cold-sinter sulfide electrolytes, creating dense, ion-conductive layers for superior solid-state battery performance.

How Can A Lab Press Assess Llzo Films? Validate Mechanical Integrity For Safer Solid-State Batteries

Learn how a lab press with three-point bending fixtures quantifies LLZO electrolyte strength, fracture resistance, and assembly reliability for battery safety.

Why Is A High Pressure Of Up To 392 Mpa Applied During The Assembly Of All-Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Superior Battery Performance

Learn why applying up to 392 MPa of pressure is critical for densifying solid electrolytes, reducing impedance, and stabilizing lithium anodes in all-solid-state batteries.

Why Is A Continuous External Pressure Of 200 Mpa Applied During The Cycling Tests Of All-Solid-State Batteries?

Discover why 200 MPa pressure is crucial for stable cycling in solid-state batteries, ensuring intimate contact between rigid components and managing volume changes.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press Critical For Natacl6? Ensure Peak Electrolyte Performance

Learn why high-precision pressing is essential for NaTaCl6 electrolyte specimens to eliminate grain boundary resistance and ensure accurate EIS data.

Why Is A Laboratory Press System With Fine Loading Control Necessary For Limestone Testing? Expert Guide

Learn why fine loading control is essential for triaxial compression tests to accurately simulate deep geological stress states in limestone.

What Is The Significance Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Halide Electrolyte Pelletization? Maximize Battery Power

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses achieve 96% density in halide electrolytes to minimize resistance and enhance solid-state battery performance.

Why Is High-Precision Laboratory Heating Equipment Critical For Superdormant Bacterial Spores? Ensure Sterilization.

Discover why precision heating is vital to activate superdormant spores, requiring 8-15°C higher temperatures for accurate research results.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For V2C Mxene? Optimize Samples For Characterization And Electrodes

Learn how a laboratory hydraulic press ensures densification, structural stability, and superior conductivity for V2C MXene sample preparation.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Optimal Density And Ion Transport

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate voids and reduce interfacial resistance to enhance solid-state battery performance.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press In Hap Green Body Preparation? Master The 25-50 Mpa Range.

Learn how laboratory uniaxial presses consolidate hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder into green bodies with optimal structural integrity and density.

How Are Laboratory Presses With Sensors Used For Mlcc Production? Optimize Stress-Strain Precision In Component R&D

Learn how industrial-grade laboratory presses use force and displacement sensors to simulate MLCC production pressures up to 100 MPa for better R&D.

What Is The Importance Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Pressing System In Bender Element Testing? Ensure Specimen Precision

Learn why hydraulic pressing and pre-pressing are vital for creating uniform remolded sediment specimens for accurate Bender Element testing.

What Role Does A High-Precision Heated Laboratory Press Play In Friction Composites? Master Curing And Molding

Learn how high-precision heated presses transform raw mixtures into high-performance friction composites through synchronized heat and pressure.

Why Is A High-Pressure Laboratory Bench Press Necessary For Nasicon? Optimize Density For Ionic Conductivity

Learn how high-pressure lab presses eliminate voids and create dense green bodies essential for high-performance NASICON solid electrolytes.

How Does The Design Of The Molding Tool Affect The Quality Of Recycled Plastic Paving Blocks? Optimize Your Lab Pressing

Learn how mold design influences geometric precision, structural density, and bonding in recycled plastic paving blocks during the pressing process.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To High-Density Alumina Substrates? Precision Tools For Ceramic Design

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses optimize particle packing and densification for high-performance alumina ceramic wireless sensor substrates.

How Does A Heating And Temperature Control System For Hot Forging Dies Affect The Accuracy Of Crack Initiation Prediction?

Learn how heating and temperature control systems eliminate quenching effects and stabilize critical strain data for accurate crack prediction.

What Is The Role Of A High-Precision Laboratory Press In The Preparation Of Laminated Structural Batteries? Key Insights

Learn how high-precision laboratory presses consolidate layers, reduce interfacial resistance, and enhance load-bearing in structural batteries.

Why Is Precision Pressing Equipment Required For All-Solid-State Batteries? Achieve Perfect Interface Integration

Discover why precision pressing is vital for solid-state battery interfaces, ensuring ionic conductivity and suppressing lithium dendrites.

What Is The Function Of A Hydraulic Pressure Control Sample Preparation Device? Ensure Precise Peaty Soil Specimen Prep

Learn how hydraulic pressure control devices standardize dry density and eliminate variables in frozen peaty soil specimen preparation.

What Role Does A High-Pressure Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In The Preparation Of Yag:ce Ceramic Green Bodies?

Learn how high-pressure hydraulic presses ensure optimal densification, mechanical strength, and sintering success for YAG:Ce ceramic green bodies.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Necessary For Ftir Characterization Of Patchouli Residue? | Expert Lab Solutions

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses enable high-resolution FTIR analysis of Patchouli residue by creating translucent, uniform KBr pellets.

How Does A High-Pressure Isostatic Press Contribute To The Preparation Of Srcute2O6 Feed Rods? Achieve Crystal Excellence

Learn how high-pressure isostatic pressing ensures structural homogeneity and prevents cracks in SrCuTe2O6 feed rods for floating zone growth.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To Mn1.3Feti2Ow Sensor Preparation? Achieve Precise Consolidation

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses transform Mn1.3FeTi2Ow nanopowders into high-density components for sensors and magnetic devices.

Why Use A Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Magma Intrusion Simulations? Ensuring Geological Accuracy

Learn how precision laboratory hydraulic presses create uniform material density and cohesion for accurate magma intrusion and crustal modeling.

What Is The Primary Function Of High-Pressure Hip In L-Pbf Post-Processing? Achieve 100% Metal Part Density

Learn how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) eliminates internal defects, enhances fatigue life, and refines microstructure in L-PBF metal components.

Why Are Hot Pressing And Hot Extrusion Equipment Used In Mnalc Magnet Manufacturing? Unlock Peak Magnetic Potential

Learn how hot pressing and extrusion equipment optimize MnAlC magnets by inducing magnetic anisotropy, densification, and domain alignment.

How Does Hip Equipment Provide Unique Value For Mgb2 Superconducting Wires? Superior Purity And Density Over Vacuum Furnaces

Learn how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) suppresses magnesium volatility and eliminates impurities in MgB2 wires compared to vacuum furnaces.

What Are The Advantages Of An Isostatic Press For Supercapacitor Separators? Achieve 100% Structural Homogeneity

Learn how isostatic pressing eliminates micro-cracks and density gradients in inorganic composite separators for superior supercapacitor reliability.

What Is The Function Of A Heated Lab Press In Mea Fabrication? Optimize Fuel Cell Performance And Durability

Learn how heated lab presses unify MEA layers to minimize contact resistance and optimize the three-phase interface in fuel cell research.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Testing Elastocaloric Materials? Precise Cooling Simulation

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses simulate mechanical loading to quantify the energy efficiency and stability of elastocaloric cooling materials.

Why Is A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press Typically Used For The Initial Molding Of Latp Ceramic Green Bodies?

Learn why uniaxial hydraulic presses are essential for LATP ceramic molding, focusing on particle rearrangement and structural integrity.

How Does A Laboratory Press Machine Facilitate Perovskite Powder Preparation For Pxrd/Xps? Precision Pellet Solutions

Learn how a laboratory press ensures high-quality PXRD and XPS data for perovskites by creating flat, dense pellets that eliminate signal noise.

How Does High-Pressure Compaction Ensure Sulfide Solid-State Electrolyte Film Performance? Achieving Ultra-Thin Density

Learn how high-pressure compaction optimizes sulfide electrolyte films by eliminating voids and maximizing conductivity through plastic deformation.

Why Is A High-Performance Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Pressing Gyagg:ce Green Bodies? Ensure Density.

Learn how precision laboratory presses achieve the 35% theoretical density required to prevent cracking and shrinkage in GYAGG:Ce ceramics.

What Is The Role Of Heated Lab Presses In X-Ray Fluorescence (Xrf) Spectroscopy? Enhance Sample Accuracy And Sensitivity

Learn how heated lab presses standardize XRF sample preparation by creating uniform, high-density pellets that minimize scattering and improve data.

What Role Does Computer Control Play In Modern Heated Lab Presses? Maximize Precision And Data Reproducibility

Discover how computer-controlled interfaces in heated lab presses enhance experimental consistency through automation and programmable recipes.

What Is The Application Of A Hydraulic Press In Prototyping Microfluidic Devices? Precision Bonding & Forming Guide

Learn how heated hydraulic presses enable leak-proof bonding and hot-pressing for microfluidic prototyping with precise heat and pressure control.

What Is The Function Of A Precision Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Optimize Cathodes For Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Learn how precision hydraulic presses enable densification, reduce resistance, and build transport networks in solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.

Why Is Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Used For Lithium Nitrogen Oxide Phosphates? Scalable High-Density Synthesis

Discover how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) enables large-scale, high-purity synthesis of lithium nitrogen oxide phosphates by suppressing impurities.

How Is A Manual Laboratory Press Used For Testing Flexible Pressure Sensors? Maximize Your Sensor Accuracy

Learn how manual laboratory presses synchronize with force gauges and LCR bridges to accurately test flexible pressure sensor performance.

Why Is Pressure Control Essential For Solid Polymer Electrolyte Coin Cells? Solve Interface Challenges With Precision

Learn how precise pressure control in hydraulic presses eliminates interfacial gaps and reduces impedance in solid-state battery assembly.

What Role Does A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press Play In The Formation Of Fese0.5Te0.5 Green Bodies?

Learn how uniaxial hydraulic presses enable high packing density and atomic diffusion for FeSe0.5Te0.5 green body formation in superconductors.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Used For Preliminary Pelletizing? Preparing Mgb2 For Cold Isostatic Pressing

Learn why a laboratory hydraulic press is essential for creating stable 'green bodies' of nano-SiC doped MgB2 before final CIP densification.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Or Screw Press Considered A Green Extraction Method For Roselle Seed Oil?

Learn why mechanical pressing is the gold standard for green extraction of Roselle seed oil, ensuring purity without hazardous chemical solvents.

What Role Does A Laboratory Uniaxial Hydraulic Press Play In Yag:ce³⁺ Ceramic Phosphor Production? Optimize Green Bodies

Learn how uniaxial hydraulic presses create high-density green bodies for YAG:Ce³⁺ ceramic phosphors, essential for CIP and sintering.

Why Is A High-Precision Laboratory Press Required For Bismuth Telluride? Optimize Zt With Superior Powder Molding

Learn how high-precision pressing eliminates porosity and optimizes particle contact to maximize the ZT figure of merit in Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3).

How Does A Laboratory Press Contribute To Increasing The Relative Density Of Slurry-Processed Li7Sips8 Pellets? Achieve 94% Density

Learn how laboratory presses overcome binder resistance to achieve 94% relative density in Li7SiPS8 pellets for enhanced ion transport.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Contribute To The Formation Of Sbn Green Bodies? Master 10Mm Ceramic Fabrication

Learn how 90 MPa of axial pressure in a laboratory hydraulic press creates 10mm SBN green bodies with the strength for isostatic pressing.

What Is The Function Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Solid-State Battery Assembly? Achieve High Ion Conductivity

Learn how high-pressure hydraulic presses eliminate voids, induce plastic deformation, and reduce interfacial impedance in solid-state batteries.

What Role Does An Industrial-Grade Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In Mgo Briquette Pressing? | Kintek

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses optimize MgO briquette density and strength through precise 20-100 MPa pressure simulation and data mapping.

Why Is Calendering Necessary For Dried Silicon Anodes? Optimize High-Performance Battery Research

Learn why calendering with laboratory presses is essential for silicon anodes to improve conductivity, energy density, and structural integrity.

How Does Constant Pressure From A Laboratory Press Affect Thin-Film Battery Testing? Optimize Cell Performance

Learn how laboratory presses enhance thin-film battery testing by reducing resistance, stabilizing ion paths, and preventing interfacial delamination.

How Does Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Enhance Composite Ceramics? Achieve Near-Theoretical Density And Strength

Learn how HIP outperforms vacuum sintering by eliminating micro-pores with isostatic pressure to boost ceramic density, strength, and clarity.

How Is A Lab Press Used To Evaluate Alumina For Battery Separators? Standardize Samples For Reliable 4N Alumina Testing

Learn how laboratory presses standardize 4N alumina samples to accurately test dielectric loss, thermal shrinkage, and mechanical strength.

What Role Does A High-Precision Laboratory Press Play In Validating Anisotropic Poroelasticity Theory? - Kintek

Learn how high-precision presses validate anisotropic poroelasticity by ensuring precise stress application and measuring compliance tensors.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Lab Press Machine Necessary For Improving Battery Energy Density? Expert Insights

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses maximize active material loading and conductivity to boost battery energy density in nano-electrode research.

What Are The Primary Functions Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press And Steel Dies? Precision Powder Metallurgy Solutions

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses and steel dies create green compacts and achieve 99% density in aluminum matrix nanocomposites.

How Does The Laboratory Hydraulic Forming Pressure Influence The Pore Structure Of A Porous Tungsten Skeleton?

Discover how hydraulic forming pressure optimizes pore distribution and particle arrangement for superior tungsten-copper composite infiltration.

What Is The Significance Of Using A Laboratory Hydraulic Press For Pre-Treating Luminescent Powders? Achieve Precise Data

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses optimize photophysical characterization by minimizing scattering and enhancing signal-to-noise ratios.

What Are The Primary Functions Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press? Optimize Your Solid-State Chemistry Sample Prep

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses eliminate porosity, create high-density green bodies, and enhance atomic diffusion in solid-state research.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In The Preparation Of Graphene-Based Electrode Materials?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses optimize graphene electrode conductivity, density, and mechanical integrity for high-performance batteries.

How Do Laboratory Pressure Control Devices Affect All-Iron Flow Battery Electrodes? Ensure Data Integrity And Performance

Learn how precise pressure control and hydraulic presses optimize electrode porosity and contact resistance in all-iron flow battery testing.

Why Is A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Essential For Preparing Dsc Test Samples? Master Composite Powder Analysis

Learn how a laboratory hydraulic press ensures accurate DSC data for composite powders by enabling atomic diffusion and simulating consolidation.

What Is The Role Of A High-Pressure Manual Screw Pump In An Hhip System? Mastering Precision In Pressurization

Learn how high-pressure manual screw pumps generate 350 MPa and regulate thermal expansion for uniform heat treatment in HHIP systems.

Why Is A Laboratory Hot Press Used For Spe Membranes? Enhance Battery Safety And Performance

Learn how laboratory hot presses achieve secondary densification in SPE membranes to eliminate defects and prevent dendrite growth.

What Role Does High Hydrostatic Pressure (Hhp) Equipment Play In The Cold Extraction Of Phytochemicals? Maximize Yields

Learn how HHP technology uses 200-600 MPa pressure to rupture plant cells and extract heat-sensitive phytochemicals without thermal degradation.

How Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Facilitate The Performance Testing Of Hydrophobic Geopolymers? Expert Insights

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses standardize geopolymer testing by eliminating surface voids and ensuring accurate hydrophobicity data.

Why Is A Lab Press Used To Compact Llzto Mixed Powders Prior To Sintering? Ensure High Ionic Conductivity

Learn how laboratory presses optimize LLZTO powder compaction to maximize green density, reduce shrinkage, and prevent battery short circuits.

What Are The Technical Advantages Of Using A Hot-Pressing Process? Optimize Solid-State Battery Cathode Performance

Discover how hot-pressing activates thermo-mechanical coupling to reduce interfacial impedance and increase density in solid-state batteries.

What Is The Role Of A Laboratory Hydraulic Press In Ti-Mg Composite Metallurgy? Master Precision Densification

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses drive densification, minimize porosity, and establish critical interfaces in Ti-Mg matrix composites.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Vacuum Heat Press? Achieve Superior Shape-Memory Polymer Film Synthesis

Learn how vacuum heat presses enable dual-action molding and cross-linking for defect-free, high-performance semi-crystalline SMP films.

Why Is Precise Pressure Control Necessary For High-Density Bentonite Buffer Blocks? Ensure Peak Sample Homogeneity

Learn how precise pressure control eliminates density gradients and ensures uniform swelling in high-density bentonite blocks for THM simulations.