What Provides Shape Flexibility In Isostatic Compaction? Unlock Design Freedom With Elastomeric Molds

Learn how flexible elastomeric molds enable complex geometries and intricate designs in isostatic compaction compared to rigid tooling.

What Are The Applications Of Isostatic Pressing In The Automotive Industry? Precision Manufacturing For High-Performance Parts

Learn how isostatic pressing enhances automotive manufacturing, from high-strength engine pistons to precision-engineered brake and clutch systems.

What Is The Role Of Potassium Bromide (Kbr) In Ir Spectroscopy? Unlock High-Resolution Sample Analysis

Learn why KBr is essential for IR spectroscopy, from its optical transparency to its role in creating clear pellets for superior sensitivity.

What Are The Key Differences Between The Wet Bag And Dry Bag Cip Technologies? Choose Your Ideal Pressing Method

Learn the differences between Wet Bag and Dry Bag Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP), focusing on speed, automation, and component size flexibility.

When Was Isostatic Pressing Pioneered And What Are Its Modern Applications? History And Use Cases Explained

Discover the history and modern applications of isostatic pressing, from aerospace components to pharmaceutical tablets and defect healing.

What Are The Advantages Of Cold Isostatic Pressing Compared To Cold Compaction? Boost Density And Strength

Discover why CIP outperforms metal die compaction with 10x higher green strength, uniform density, and pure, lubricant-free results.

How Does The Pulsed Current In Fast Equipment Influence Ptfe Sintering? Unlock Rapid Densification & Quality Control

Discover how pulsed current in Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) uses the Joule effect to sinter PTFE powder in minutes, not hours.

What Is The General Working Principle Of The Isostatic Pressing Process? Achieve Uniform Density For Complex Parts

Learn the mechanics of isostatic pressing: applying omnidirectional pressure to consolidate powders into high-density, high-integrity components.

What Is Green Strength And How Does It Relate To Cold Isostatic Pressing? Maximize Manufacturing Efficiency Today

Learn how high green strength in Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) enables faster machining and sintering for superior manufacturing turnover.

Why Must The Synthesis Of Ti5Si3/Tial3 Be Conducted Under A Protective Atmosphere? Ensure Material Purity And Stability

Learn why high-purity argon is essential in Ti5Si3/TiAl3 synthesis to prevent oxidation, stabilize combustion waves, and ensure phase purity.

What Are The Advantages Of Using An Isostatic Press In Solid-State Battery Molding? Unlock Superior Performance

Discover why isostatic pressing outperforms uniaxial methods for solid-state batteries by eliminating density gradients and boosting conductivity.

What Role Does A Laboratory Centrifuge Play In Processing Silica Soft Gels? Accelerate Purity And Phase Separation

Learn how laboratory centrifuges enhance silica soft gel processing via the sol-gel method by ensuring rapid separation and high chemical purity.

What Are The Key Functions Of Hot Pressing Molds? Optimize Mg/Al Laminate Quality With Precision Tooling

Learn how hot pressing molds act as thermal and mechanical stabilizers to ensure uniform bonding in Mg/Al laminated materials.

What Role Does A Laboratory Coin Cell Sealer Play In The Performance Evaluation Of Silicon Nanowire Electrodes?

Learn how laboratory coin cell sealers provide the hermetic seal and uniform pressure essential for accurate silicon nanowire electrode testing.

Why Is A Fusion System Preferred Over Direct Pelletization For Major Oxides? Achieve Unmatched Analytical Precision

Learn why fusion systems outperform direct pelletization for sediment analysis by eliminating mineralogical effects and ensuring homogeneity.

What Are The Technical Advantages Of Cip Over Uniaxial Pressing For Yag Ceramics? Enhance Density & Optical Clarity

Discover how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and micro-defects in YAG ceramics to achieve superior green body density.

Why Is An Isostatic Press (Cip) Necessary After Uniaxial Pressing? Achieve Transparency In Nd:y2O3 Ceramics

Learn why CIP is critical for transparent Nd:Y2O3 ceramics to eliminate density gradients and achieve uniform green body density for sintering.

What Are The Technical Advantages Of Using An Isostatic Press? Optimize Solid-State Battery R&D Performance

Discover how isostatic pressing eliminates density gradients and internal stress to maximize ionic conductivity in solid-state battery research.

Why Is Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) Equipment Utilized For Sdc-20? Achieve 95%+ High-Density Electrolytes

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and prevents micro-cracks in SDC-20 electrolytes for superior performance.

Why Use Standardized Metal Molds And Compaction Tools For Non-Fired Bricks? Unlock Maximum Structural Integrity

Learn how standardized molds and compaction tools optimize density, eliminate voids, and enhance bio-chemical bonding in non-fired brick production.

Why Are Rigid Loading Plates With Friction-Reduction Designs Used In True Triaxial Rock Experiments? Expert Analysis

Learn how rigid loading plates and friction-reduction designs eliminate end effects to ensure data validity in rock testing.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Typically Used After Initial Pressing? Achieve Perfect Composite Density

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and prevents defects in Graphene/Alumina composites for superior sintering.

What Is The Primary Function Of Powder Grinding And Ultrasonic Equipment In Ceramic Mems? Master Sub-Micron Mixing

Learn how powder grinding and ultrasonic equipment ensure uniform mixing and stable slurries for high-performance ceramic MEMS fabrication.

What Is The Role Of A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) In Cu-Fe Alloy Green Bodies? Ensure High Density And Uniformity

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) creates uniform, high-density copper-iron green bodies at 130-150 MPa for superior vacuum sintering results.

Why Is It Necessary To Preheat The Pellet-Pressing Die To 50°C Before Pressing Latp Powder? Ensure Pellets Integrity

Learn why preheating LATP powder to 50°C prevents clumping and adhesion, ensuring uniform thickness and high-density green bodies for electrolytes.

Why Does A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Offer Better Results Than Dry Pressing For Forming Bsct Ceramic Green Bodies?

Learn why CIP outperforms dry pressing for BSCT ceramics by eliminating density gradients and preventing cracks during 1450°C sintering.

Why Does The Molding Pressure Of A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Influence The Tensile Strength Of Porous Titanium?

Learn how CIP molding pressure drives densification, particle deformation, and sintering neck formation to optimize porous titanium strength.

What Are The Advantages Of Using A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) For Lsgm Green Bodies? Achieve Uniform Density & Quality

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and prevents cracking in LSGM electrolytes compared to uniaxial pressing.

Why Use Graphite Foil In Alloy 825 Compression Tests? Achieve Uniaxial Stress And Prevent Barrelling

Learn why graphite foil and lubricants are critical for Alloy 825 tests to eliminate friction, prevent barrelling, and ensure accurate stress data.

How Does The Use Of Hardened Steel Precision Molds And Punches Affect The Quality Of Titanium Powder Compacts? Gain Precision

Learn how hardened steel molds and punches ensure dimensional accuracy and structural integrity in titanium powder compacts at 1.6 GPa pressure.

What Is The Role Of The Standard Proctor Compaction Device? Optimize Iba & Stone Mix Performance

Learn how the Standard Proctor test determines OMC and MDD to ensure maximum strength in cement-stabilized IBA and crushed stone mixtures.

What Are The Advantages Of Using An Isostatic Press For Solid Electrolyte Layers? Achieve 95% Relative Density

Learn how isostatic pressing eliminates density gradients and wall friction to create superior, crack-resistant solid electrolyte layers.

Why Must Thick Titanium Deposits Produced By Cold Spraying Undergo Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip)? Achieve 100% Density

Learn why HIP is essential for cold-sprayed titanium, transforming mechanical bonds into metallurgical fusion for superior structural integrity.

What Are The Benefits Of Using Isostatic Pressing For Pharmaceutical Drug Formulations? Achieve Superior Tablet Density And Consistency

Discover how isostatic pressing improves drug bioavailability, dosing precision, and tablet integrity for pharmaceutical formulations.

What Is The Objective Of Using A Customized In-Situ Pressure And Stress Monitoring Device In All-Solid-State Battery Research? Validate Mechanical Stability In Real-Time

Discover how in-situ pressure monitoring validates material performance, prevents delamination, and ensures efficient ion transport in solid-state battery research.

What Are The Critical Functions Of The Conductive Die Set Within A Spark Plasma Sintering (Sps) Press? It's The Active Heart Of Your Sps Process

Discover the 3 critical roles of the SPS die set: generating heat, transmitting pressure, and shaping materials. Learn how it enables rapid, efficient fabrication.

What Advantages Does Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) Offer Regarding Product Shapes And Sizes? Achieve Complex, Uniform Parts

Discover how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) enables complex shapes, extreme aspect ratios, and uniform density for superior part integrity.

What Are The Specific Advantages Of Using Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) For Producing Ceramic Components? Achieve Superior Uniformity And Complex Shapes

Discover how CIP's uniform pressure creates dense, crack-free ceramic parts with complex geometries, ideal for high-performance applications.

What Are The Typical Process Parameters For Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip)? Optimize Your Powder Compaction

Learn key CIP parameters: pressure (400-1000 MPa), temperature (<93°C), cycle times (1-30 min), and how to choose wet vs. dry bag methods.

What Is The Role Of Powder Quality And Tooling Design In Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip)? Master The Twin Pillars For High-Density Parts

Learn how powder flowability and elastomer mold design are critical for achieving uniform density and complex shapes in Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP).

What Is The Role Of A Hydraulic Accumulator In A Hydraulic Press? Boost Performance & Efficiency

Learn how a hydraulic accumulator acts as an energy reservoir to enhance press speed, stabilize pressure, reduce wear, and lower energy consumption.

What Are The Technical Advantages Of Cold Isostatic Pressing? Achieve Superior Uniform Density & Eliminate Friction

Discover how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) provides uniform density, eliminates die-wall friction, and enables complex geometries compared to uniaxial pressing.

Why Are Peek Cells Used As Sample Holders For Solid Electrolyte Pellets? Ensure Precision In Electrical Testing

Discover why PEEK cells are essential for solid electrolyte testing, offering electrical isolation, pressure resistance, and chemical durability.

What Is The Core Function Of A High-Pressure Pressure Chamber In Rock Triaxial Experiments? Simulating Deep Mine Stress

Learn how high-pressure chambers simulate deep mine environments through confining pressure, hydraulic coupling, and acoustic emission monitoring.

What Technical Advantages Does A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Offer For Wc-Co? Achieve Material Perfection With Cip

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and prevents micro-cracks in Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt materials.

Why Are Flexible Silicone Rubber Molds Required For The Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) Of Salt Preforms? | Kintek

Learn why flexible silicone molds are essential for Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) to achieve uniform density and structural integrity in salt preforms.

Why Is A High-Pressure Press Used For The Calibration Treatment Of Samples Following Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip)?

Learn how high-pressure presses eliminate residual micropores and achieve 90% relative density after HIP for high-precision components.

What Is The Significance Of Using A Laboratory Electric Sealer? Optimize Cr2032 Coin Cell Assembly Performance

Learn why laboratory electric sealers are critical for CR2032 assembly, ensuring hermetic integrity and consistent electrochemical test results.

What Is The Technical Significance Of Using Rubber Gaskets In Coal Pressure Tests? Ensure Data Accuracy

Learn how rubber gaskets eliminate 'end effects' and ensure uniform pressure distribution for accurate coal material testing.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Considered Essential For Forming Sialon Ceramic Green Bodies? Achieve Maximum Density

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients to ensure uniform shrinkage and structural integrity in Sialon ceramics.

How Do High-Pressure Hydraulic Pumps Facilitate The Saturation Of High-Density Bentonite For Geological Research?

Learn how high-pressure hydraulic pumps (10 MPa) overcome bentonite permeability to accelerate saturation for microbial and geological studies.

Why Are Specialized Mold-Type Battery Frames Used For In-Situ Electrochemical Testing In Solid-State Battery Research?

Learn why specialized mold-type frames are crucial for solid-state battery research to manage volume changes and ensure data accuracy.

Why Is A High-Performance Inert Gas Glove Box Necessary For Chloride Electrolytes? Ensure Lialcl4 Structural Integrity

Learn why ultra-low moisture and oxygen levels are vital to protect AlCl4- tetrahedra and ensure accurate Li-ion conductivity characterization.

What Is The Benefit Of Adding Expanded Natural Graphite (Eng) During The Metal Hydride Powder Pressing Process?

Learn how Expanded Natural Graphite (ENG) improves thermal conductivity and reaction speed in metal hydride hydrogen storage systems.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press Required For The Secondary Pressing Of Al-20Sic? Ensure High-Density Integrity

Learn why secondary CIP is essential for Al-20SiC composites to eliminate density gradients, prevent cracking, and ensure uniform sintering results.

What Role Does A Laboratory Hydraulic Press Play In The Formation Of Bst-Xmn Piezoelectric Ceramic Green Bodies?

Learn how laboratory hydraulic presses ensure density uniformity and structural integrity in BST-xMn piezoelectric ceramic green body formation.

How Does A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Provide Superior Results For Llzo? Achieve Defect-Free Solid-State Electrolytes

Learn how CIP eliminates density gradients and micro-cracking in LLZO materials compared to uniaxial pressing for better battery performance.

How Do High-Purity Cathode Materials Contribute To Nca Lithium-Ion Battery Rul Data Stability? Ensure Accurate Results

Learn how high-purity NCA cathode materials minimize side reactions and provide stable data for validating battery RUL prediction algorithms.

What Are The Primary Advantages Of Using An Isostatic Press For Llzo? Enhance Llzo Ceramic Quality & Density

Learn how isostatic pressing improves LLZO green bodies by eliminating density gradients and preventing cracks during sintering.

What Is The Function Of A Kawai-Type Multi-Anvil Press? Simulate Deep Earth & Lower Mantle Synthesis

Learn how the Kawai-type multi-anvil press uses multi-stage compression to reach 22–28 GPa for synthesizing and studying lower mantle minerals.

How Is A Hollow Ptfe Spacer Used To Study Lithium Deposition Morphology? Uncover Natural Dendrite Growth Patterns

Learn how hollow PTFE spacers simulate low-pressure environments to test lithium deposition and validate battery charging protocols effectively.

What Technical Advantages Does Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Offer For Pure Aluminum Billets? Achieve Flawless Density

Discover how HIP equipment eliminates internal defects and achieves near-theoretical density in pure aluminum billets for superior performance.

Why Is It Necessary To Perform Laboratory Compression Experiments On High-Hardness Rocks Before Numerical Modeling?

Discover why lab compression tests are vital for accurate rock numerical models, providing essential data on strength, elasticity, and behavior.

Why Is A Coin Cell Crimping Machine Essential For Cr2032 Assembly? Ensure Precision In Electrochemical Testing

Learn how a coin cell crimper ensures hermetic sealing, reduces resistance, and provides data reproducibility for battery research.

Why Is Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) Used After Uniaxial Pressing For Gdc20? Achieve 95%+ Density & Uniformity

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and prevents defects in GDC20 powder following uniaxial pressing.

What Is The Purpose Of 40X40X40Mm Metal Platens In Pressure Tests? Achieve Precise Compressive Strength Data

Learn how 40x40x40mm metal platens ensure uniform load distribution and eliminate stress concentrations for accurate compressive strength testing.

What Critical Role Does Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) Play For Ynto Ceramics? Achieve Defect-Free Density

Learn how 200 MPa Cold Isostatic Pressing eliminates density gradients and prevents warping during the sintering of YNTO ceramic components.

Why Is The Granulation Of Active Powders Necessary Before Pressing Battery Green Bodies? Ensure Structural Integrity

Learn why granulation is essential for all-solid-state battery green bodies to improve flowability, density, and prevent demolding cracks.

Why Is Hot Isostatic Pressing (Hip) Required For Si3N4 Bearings? Ensure Peak Density And Fatigue Resistance

Learn how Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) eliminates porosity in silicon nitride to create high-performance, fatigue-resistant ceramic bearings.

Why Are Boric Acid Or Cellulose Used As Binders For Biological Tissue Pellets? Enhance Sample Stability & Signal Purity

Learn how boric acid and cellulose act as binders to prevent pellet cracking, increase mechanical strength, and ensure clean analytical data.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Used For Knn-Lt Films? Enhance Density & Performance Before Sintering

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) improves KNN-LT piezoelectric thick films by increasing packing density and preventing sintering defects.

What Role Does A Hot Stamping Press Play In Mechanical Properties? Master High-Strength Material Transformation

Learn how hot stamping presses regulate cooling rates and pressure to achieve martensitic transformation and ultra-high-strength steel parts.

Why Is A High-Pressure Cip Used For Y-Tzp Zirconia Green Bodies? Ensure Uniform Density & Structural Integrity

Learn how Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) eliminates density gradients and prevents cracking in Y-TZP zirconia after uniaxial pressing.

What Is The Primary Function Of An Industrial Hydraulic Press For Y-Tzp Powder? Achieve Precision Consolidation

Learn how industrial hydraulic presses facilitate uniaxial consolidation to create high-quality Y-TZP zirconia green bodies for further processing.

Why Must The Assembly Of Sodium-Ion Batteries Be Conducted In An Inert Gas Glove Box? Ensure Si/Hc Composite Stability

Discover why sodium-ion battery assembly requires an inert gas glove box to prevent sodium metal oxidation and electrolyte hydrolysis.

What Are The Advantages Of Laboratory Microwave Carbonization For Ppe Waste? Faster, More Efficient Carbon Materials

Compare microwave carbonization vs. muffle furnaces for PPE-derived carbon. Learn how volumetric heating improves battery electrode performance.

Why Is Precise Control Of Holding Time Necessary During The Cip Of Flexible Electrodes? Optimize Density & Conductivity

Learn why holding time in Cold Isostatic Pressing is critical for flexible electrodes to balance film density and substrate structural integrity.

Why Use High-Purity Kbr For Infrared Spectroscopy Of Ancient Bones? Ensure Precision In Bioarchaeology

Learn why high-purity KBr is essential for FT-IR analysis of ancient bones to ensure optical transparency and accurate preservation data.

Why Is A Polypropylene Film Used In Sulfide Electrolyte Pressing For Xps? Ensure Surface Purity And Data Integrity

Learn how polypropylene films prevent metallic contamination during sulfide electrolyte pellet pressing to ensure accurate XPS surface analysis.

How Does Hot Extrusion Improve Al2O3/Cu Composites? Unlock Superior Strength And Density In Your Materials

Learn how hot extrusion via hydraulic press refines grain structure and eliminates porosity to maximize Al2O3/Cu composite performance.

Why Is Polyvinyl Alcohol (Pva) Used In A Laboratory Press For Catalyst Shaping? Achieve Optimal Green Strength

Learn how PVA acts as a binder and lubricant in catalyst pressing to ensure structural integrity and precise particle sizing during grinding.

Why Is Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) Necessary For Pzt Ceramics? Achieve Maximum Density And Integrity

Learn why CIP is essential for PZT ceramic green bodies to eliminate density gradients, prevent sintering cracks, and ensure structural integrity.

What Are The Advantages Of Isostatic Pressing For Nanoparticle Pellets? Enhance Uniformity & Optical Clarity

Learn how isostatic pressing eliminates density gradients and micro-cracks in nanoparticle pellets for superior experimental accuracy.

How Does An Isostatic Press Contribute To The Development Of Complex Ceramic Components? Master High-Performance Solar Storage

Learn how isostatic pressing eliminates density gradients to create durable, high-performance ceramic components for solar energy storage systems.

Why Is It Necessary To Assemble Lithium-Ion Batteries Inside An Argon-Filled Glove Box? Ensure Peak Cell Performance

Learn why argon-filled glove boxes are vital for battery assembly, protecting lithium and electrolytes from moisture and oxygen contamination.

How Does A Laboratory Coin Cell Crimper Affect The Performance Of All-Solid-State Batteries? Optimize Your Electrolytes

Learn how precision laboratory coin cell crimpers optimize contact, reduce impedance, and inhibit dendrites in solid-state elastomer batteries.

What Are The Process Advantages Of A Rapid Hot Pressing (Rhp) Furnace? Achieve Peak Density In Si-B-C Ceramics

Learn how RHP furnaces outperform traditional sintering with 100°C/min heating rates and additive-free densification for Si-B-C ceramics.

What Is The Function Of Industrial-Grade Vacuum Packaging During Wip? Maximize Density And Structural Integrity

Learn how vacuum packaging creates net pressure during Warm Isostatic Pressing to densify Material Extrusion parts and eliminate internal voids.

Why Is A Heating Roll Press Utilized To Treat Mwcnt Films? Unlock Superior Conductivity And Density

Learn how heating roll presses transform porous MWCNT films into dense, high-performance electrodes by maximizing conductivity and strength.

Why Is A Fine Mesh Sieve Used For Opefb Cellulose Powder? Achieve Superior Particle Uniformity For Bioplastics

Learn why a 100-mesh sieve is essential for OPEFB cellulose powder to ensure particle uniformity and mechanical stability in bioplastic matrices.

Why Is Warm Isostatic Pressing Suitable For Materials That Cannot Be Formed At Room Temperature? Master Material Density

Learn how Warm Isostatic Pressing (WIP) overcomes material rigidity and high viscosity through thermal plasticity and ultra-high liquid pressure.

What Is The Purpose Of Trapezoidal Split Sleeve Dry Pressing Dies? Prevent Pellet Breakage With Precision Extraction

Learn how trapezoidal split sleeve dry pressing dies eliminate sample adhesion and friction to ensure intact, high-quality cylinder pellets.

How Is Isostatic Pressing Applied In The Medical Industry? Enhance Patient Safety With High-Precision Biocompatibles

Learn how isostatic pressing creates high-performance implants, prosthetics, and pharmaceuticals with uniform density and structural reliability.

Why Is A Hydrogen (H2) Reduction Environment Necessary For Activated Carbon? Boost Pfas Adsorption Efficiency

Learn how H2 reduction removes acidic groups and reduces steric hindrance to optimize activated carbon for PFAS removal and stability.

Why Is A High-Precision Temperature-Controlled Stage Critical For Conductivity? Master Material Transitions

Learn why precise temperature control is essential for analyzing hafnium oxide conductivity, thermal equilibrium, and lattice polarization.

What Role Does A Hot Extrusion Press Play In Al-Cnf Composites? Unlock Peak Mechanical Performance

Learn how hot extrusion presses achieve 100% densification and directional alignment of nanofibers in Al-CNF composite manufacturing.

Why Is A Cold Isostatic Press (Cip) Used To Treat Gdc Green Bodies? Achieve Maximum Ceramic Density And Strength

Learn why Cold Isostatic Pressing is essential for GDC green bodies to eliminate density gradients and enable low-temperature sintering.

Why Is A Heated Laboratory Press Required For Perovskite Solar Cells? Optimize Efficiency With Thermal Densification

Learn how heated laboratory presses enhance crystallization and interlayer bonding to maximize perovskite solar cell conversion efficiency.

How Does A Solid-Media Piston-Cylinder Apparatus Contribute To The Synthesis Of Harzburgite? Replicate The Deep Mantle

Learn how solid-media piston-cylinder apparatuses simulate deep-earth conditions to synthesize harzburgite via phase transitions and equilibrium.

What Is The Function Of High-Strength Mold Components In Cold Pressing? Build Stable Silicon Composite Electrodes

Learn how high-strength molds enable densification, eliminate voids, and manage 300% volume expansion in silicon-based battery electrode research.